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Bypassing TBI: Metabolic Surgery and the Link between Obesity and Traumatic Brain Injury—a Review

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Abstract

Obesity is a common outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that exacerbates principal TBI symptom domains identified as common areas of post-TBI long-term dysfunction. Obesity is also associated with increased risk of later-life dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Patients with obesity and chronic TBI may be more vulnerable to long-term mental abnormalities. This review explores the question of whether weight loss induced by bariatric surgery could delay or perhaps even reverse the progression of mental deterioration. Bariatric surgery, with its induction of weight loss, remission of type 2 diabetes, and other expressions of the metabolic syndrome, improves metabolic efficiency, leads to reversal of brain lesions seen on imaging studies, and improves function. These observations suggest that metabolic/bariatric surgery may be a most effective therapy for TBI.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Statistics Division, McGlennon MotiMetrics, Maiden Rock, WI, USA

    T. W. McGlennon

  2. Division of Scientific Research Writing, Medwrite, Maiden Rock, WI, USA

    J. N. Buchwald

  3. Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA

    Walter J. Pories & Rukmini Menon

  4. Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Fang Yu

  5. Living Heart Foundation, Little Silver, NJ, USA

    Arthur Roberts

  6. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MA, USA

    Eric P. Ahnfeldt

  7. Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Owen H. & Sarah Davidson Wangensteen Chair in Experimental Surgery, Emeritus, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 195, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Henry Buchwald

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The next two parts of this review paper will address the effects of weight loss on cognition, migraine, depression/PTSD, and obstructive sleep apnea as well as the mechanisms of metabolic surgery that may unlock the pathophysiology of chronic TBI.

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McGlennon, T.W., Buchwald, J.N., Pories, W.J. et al. Bypassing TBI: Metabolic Surgery and the Link between Obesity and Traumatic Brain Injury—a Review. OBES SURG 30, 4704–4714 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-05065-3

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