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L’effet du poids du père sur la fertilité et sur la santé des descendants

Impact of father’s obesity on the fertility and the offspring health

  • Dossier Thématique / Thematic File
  • Published:
Obésité

Résumé

De nombreux facteurs concernant le mode de vie et l’environnement sont susceptibles d’agir sur la fertilité masculine en provoquant des altérations spermatiques, aussi bien en termes de quantité que de qualité. Parmi ces facteurs, l’état nutritionnel, le poids et le statut métabolique des partenaires masculins de couples infertiles seraient associés à l’infertilité. Les mécanismes impliqués sont nombreux et complexes. Un dysfonctionnement hormonal, une inflammation chronique et un déséquilibre du stress oxydant sont les mieux évalués. Des modifications épigénétiques pourraient également jouer un rôle, associées à l’environnement; elles sont également impliquées dans la transmission paternelle non génétique, transgénérationnelle, de pathologies à long terme. Cette notion a émergé récemment et suscite un intérêt croissant. Quelques données, chez l’homme, mais surtout chez l’animal, ont révélé la transmission de marques épigénétiques modifiées en cas d’obésité masculine, telles que des modifications des profils de méthylation de l’ADN ou des altérations des profils des microARNs. Ces modifications semblent être à l’origine, entre autres, de pathologies métaboliques chez les descendants.

Abstract

Many lifestyle and environmental factors are likely to affect male fertility through alteration of sperm quantity and quality. Among these factors, male nutritional behaviour, weight and metabolic status could be associated with infertility. The mechanisms involved are numerous and complex. Hormonal dysfunction, chronic inflammation and imbalance of oxidative stress are well evaluated. Epigenetic changes associated with the environment could also play a critical role. Epigenetic changes are also involved in the nongenetic, transgenerational paternal transmission of long-term pathologies. Some data, in humans but especially in animals, have revealed the transmission of modified epigenetic marks in case of male obesity, such as changes in DNA methylation profiles or alterations in microRNA profiles. These changes could lead to metabolic pathologies in the offspring.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre de recherché Saint Antoine, INSERM US938, Paris, France

    C. Dupont, Y. Elfassy-Zarka & R. Lévy

  2. AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, service de biologie de la reproduction CECOS, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France

    C. Dupont, Y. Elfassy-Zarka & R. Lévy

  3. AP-HP, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Histologie, embryologie, cytogénétique, biologie de la reproduction CECOS, av. du 14 Juillet, 93140, Bondy, France

    N. Sermondade

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  1. C. Dupont
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Dupont, C., Sermondade, N., Elfassy-Zarka, Y. et al. L’effet du poids du père sur la fertilité et sur la santé des descendants. Obes 12, 193–199 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11690-017-0568-7

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