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Age and gender interactions in white matter of schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder compared to non-psychiatric controls: commonalities across disorders

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Abstract

Schizophrenia (SCZ) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are psychiatric disorders with abnormalities in white matter structure. These disorders share high comorbidity and family history of OCD is a risk factor for SCZ which suggests some shared neurobiology. White matter was examined using diffusion tensor imaging in relativity large samples of SCZ (N = 48), OCD (N = 38) and non-psychiatric controls (N = 45). Fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated and tract based spatial statistics were used to compare groups. In a whole brain analysis, SCZ and OCD both showed small FA reductions relative to controls in the corpus callosum. Both SCZ and OCD showed accelerated reductions in FA with age; specifically in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus in OCD, while the SCZ group demonstrated a more widespread pattern of FA reduction. Patient groups did not differ from each other in total FA or age effects in any regions. A general linear model using 13 a-priori regions of interest showed marginal group, group*gender, and group*age interactions. When OCD and SCZ groups were analyzed together, these marginal effects became significant (p < 0.05), suggesting commonalities exist between these patient groups. Overall, our results demonstrate a similar pattern of accelerated white matter decline with age and greater white matter deficit in females in OCD and SCZ, with overlap in the spatial pattern of deficits. There was no evidence for statistical differences in overall white matter between OCD and SCZ. Taken together, the results support the notion of shared neurobiology in SCZ and OCD.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported primarily by donations from the Grant Family and Temerty Family through the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Foundation and the Campbell Institute. CH was supported by a Banting Post-Doctoral Fellowship from CIHR, and NR was supported by a doctoral award from OMHF.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Unit 4-1, Office 125, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada

    Colin Hawco, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Natasha Radhu, David Rotenberg, Stephanie Ameis, Felicity A. Backhouse & Zafiris J. Daskalakis

  2. Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Colin Hawco, Natasha Radhu, Felicity A. Backhouse, Mawahib Semeralul & Zafiris J. Daskalakis

  3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Aristotle N. Voineskos, Stephanie Ameis & Zafiris J. Daskalakis

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  1. Colin Hawco
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  2. Aristotle N. Voineskos
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  3. Natasha Radhu
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  4. David Rotenberg
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  7. Mawahib Semeralul
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  8. Zafiris J. Daskalakis
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Correspondence to Colin Hawco.

Ethics declarations

All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and the University of Toronto, as well as the Canadian Institute of health Research and in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Conflicts of interest

Z.J.D. received research and equipment inkind support for an investigator-initiated study through Brainsway Inc. and a travel allowance through Merck. Z.J.D. has also received speaker funding through Sepracor Inc., AstraZeneca and served on the advisory board for Hoffmann-La Roche Limited and Merck and received speaker support from Eli Lilly.

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Hawco, C., Voineskos, A.N., Radhu, N. et al. Age and gender interactions in white matter of schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder compared to non-psychiatric controls: commonalities across disorders. Brain Imaging and Behavior 11, 1836–1848 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-016-9657-8

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