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Natural infectious behavior of the urediniospores of Melampsora larici-populina on poplar leaves

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Abstract

The uredinial stage in the life cycle of Melampsora larici-populina on poplar leaves is the most important pathogenic phase. We captured partial phases of uredinial infection in the wild, aiming to reconstruct the process of uredinial ontogeny by using scanning and transmission electron microscope. At the initial infection stage, germ tubes germinated from the echinulate urediniospores. Germ tubes were frequently seen to merge with the leaf surface and cuticle breakage was observed, indicating direct hyphal penetration. Stomata penetration occurred commonly, sometimes with more than one germ tube penetrating the same stoma. Melampsora larici-populina did not form appressoria in the infection process, implying that infectious behavior of this pathogen may differ from the other rust pathogens. In general, germ tubes branched randomly, and no distinct evidence indicated that stoma could induce or orient germ tube branches. However, oriented germ tube growth has been occasionally observed in other studies. The urediniospores collapsed and finally wizened when they became nutrient stressed. At the last stage of infection, the uredinia erupted from the leaf epidermis and appeared as orange pustules on the leaf surface.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. The Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China

      Zhibing Wan, Yiran Li, Min Liu, Yingnan Chen & Tongming Yin

    2. School of Life and Environment Science, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, China

      Zhibing Wan

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    1. Zhibing Wan
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    2. Yiran Li
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    3. Min Liu
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    4. Yingnan Chen
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    Correspondence to Yingnan Chen.

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    Corresponding editor: Hu Yanbo

    Project funding: This work was financially supported by the Key Forestry Public Welfare Project (201304102), the National Natural Science Foundation (No. 31400563), the Key Project of Jiangsu Foundation of Natural Sciences for High Education (10KJA180018) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20130968). This work was also supported by the program for Innovative Research Teams in the Universities of Jiangsu Province and the Educational Department of China, and the Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

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    Z. Wan and Y. Li contributed equally to this research.

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    Wan, Z., Li, Y., Liu, M. et al. Natural infectious behavior of the urediniospores of Melampsora larici-populina on poplar leaves. J. For. Res. 26, 225–231 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-015-0021-4

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