Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Modeling of the Co-Rich Region in the Co-Al-Ni-W Quaternary System

  • Published:
Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract.

The stabilities of the γ-(Co), γ′-Co3(Al,W), μ-Co7W6, β-CoAl and α-(W) phases in the Co-Al-W and Ni-Al-W ternary systems were investigated at 900, 1000, 1100 and 1300 °C. Electron probe microanalysis was used to determine compositions of the phases. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine area fractions of the phases present after heat treatments. Thermodynamic modeling of the Co-Al-Ni-W quaternary system, using PandatTM software, was incorporated to determine relevant thermodynamic parameters for phases in the Co-rich region of the system. Phases were modeled using the substitutional solution model and compound energy formalism. Excellent agreement was found between experiments and thermodynamic modeling. This new thermodynamic database enables predictions of stable γ-γ′ compositions for a new class of high temperature, high strength Co-base superalloys.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. Sato, T. Omori, K. Oikawa, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, and K. Ishida, Cobalt-Base High-Temperature Alloys, Science, 2006, 312, p 90-91

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. K. Ishida, Intermetallic Compounds in Co-base Alloys—Phase Stability and Application to Superalloys, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 2008, 1128, p U06-06

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. A. Suzuki and T.M. Pollock, High Temperature Strength and Deformation of γ-γ′ Two Phase Co-Al-W Alloys, Acta Mater., 2008, 56, p 1288-1297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. K. Tanaka, M. Ooshima, N. Tsuno, A. Sato, and H. Inui, Creep Deformation of Single Crystals of New Co-Al-W-Based Alloys with fcc/L12 Two-Phase Microstructures, Philos. Mag., 2012, 92(32), p 4011-4027

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. M.S. Titus, A. Suzuki and T.M. Pollock, High Temperature Creep of New L12 Containing Cobalt‐Base Superalloys. Superalloys, 2012, p 823-832

  6. M.S. Titus, A. Suzuki, and T.M. Pollock, Creep and Directional Coarsening in Single Crystals of New γ-γ′ Cobalt-Base Alloys, Scripta Mater., 2012, 66(8), p 574-577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. R. Kainuma, M. Ise, C.C. Jia, H. Ohtani, and K. Ishida, Phase Equilibria and Microstructural Control in the Ni-Co-Al System, Intermetallics, 1996, 4, p S151-S158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. T. Omori, Y. Sutou, K. Oikawa, R. Kainuma, and K. Ishida, Shape Memory and Magnetic Properties of Co-Al Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, 438-440, p 1045-1049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. H. Ohtani, M. Yamano, and M. Hasebe, Thermodynamic Analysis of the Co-Al-C and Ni-Al-C Systems by Incorporating Ab Initio Energetic Calculations into the CALPHAD Approach, Calphad, 2004, 28(2), p 177-190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. J. Dutkiewicz and G. Kostorz, Strengthening of Cobalt-Tungsten Alloys Upon Discontinuous Precipitation, Acta Metal Mater, 1990, 38, p 2283-2286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. G.H. Jóhannesson, T. Bligaard, A.V. Ruban, H.L. Skriver, K.W. Jacobsen, and J.K. Nørskov, Combined Electronic Structure and Evolutionary Search Approach to Materials Design, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2002, 88, p 255506

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. S. Miura, K. Ohkubo, and T. Mohri, Mechanical Properties of Co-Based L12 Intermetallic Compound Co3(Al, W), Mater. Trans., 2007, 48(09), p 2403-2408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. K. Shinagawa, T. Omori, J. Sato, K. Oikawa, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, and K. Ishida, Phase Equilibria and Microstructure on γ′ Phase in Co-Ni-Al-W System, Mater. Trans., 2008, 49(06), p 1474-1479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. G. Dmitrieva, V. Vasilenko, and I. Melnik, Al-Co-W Fusion Diagram in the Co-CoAl-W Part, Chem. Met. Alloys, 2008, 1, p 338-342

    Google Scholar 

  15. C. Jiang, First-principles Study of Co3(Al, W) Alloys Using Special Quasi-random Structures, Scripta Mater., 2008, 59(10), p 1075-1078

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. A. Mottura, A. Janotti, and T.M. Pollock, A First-principles Study of the Effect of Ta on the Superlattice Intrinsic Stacking Fault Energy of L12-Co3(Al, W), Intermetallics, 2012, 28, p 138-143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. A. Mottura, A. Janotti, and T.M. Pollock, Alloying Effects in the γ′ Phase of Co‐Based Superalloys. Superalloys, 2012, p 683-693.

  18. J.E. Saal and C. Wolverton, Thermodynamic Stability of Co-Al-W L12 γ′, Acta Mater., 2013, 61(7), p 2330-2338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Y. Tsukamoto, S. Kobayashi, and T. Takasugi, The Stability of γ′-Co3(Al, W) Phase in Co-Al-W Ternary System, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2010, 654-656, p 448-451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Kobayashi, Y. Tsukamoto, T. Takasugi, H. Chinen, T. Omori, K. Ishida, and S. Zaefferer, Determination of Phase Equilibria in the Co-rich Co-Al-W Ternary System with a Diffusion-Couple Technique, Intermetallics, 2009, 17, p 1085-1089

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. K. Kornienko, V. Kublii, O. Fabrichnaya and N. Bochvar, Aluminum-Nickel-Tungsten. Landolt-Bernstein New Series IV 2005, 11A3, p 440-450.

  22. P. Nash, S. Fielding, and D.R.F. West, Phase Equilibria in Nickel-Rich Ni-Al-Mo and Ni-Al-W Alloys, Met. Sci., 1983, 17(4), p 192-194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. A.L. Udovskii, I.V. Oldakovskii, and V.G. Moldavskii, Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Phase Equilibriums in the System Ni-NiAl-W at 900-1500 °C. Izvestiia Akademii nauk SSSR Metally, 1991, 4, p 112-123, in Russian; TR: Russ Metall, 1991, 4, p 111-122.

  24. C.C. Jia, K. Ishida, and T. Nishizawa, Partition of Alloying Elements Between γ (A1), γ′ (L12), and β (B2) Phases in Ni-Al Base Systems, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1994, 25A, p 473-485

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Z.M. Alekseeva, Al-Ni-W (Aluminium-Nickel-Tungsten), MSIT Ternary Evaluation Program, in MSIT Workplace, G. Effenberg, (Ed.), MSI, Materials Science International Services GmbH, Stuttgart, 1993.

  26. J. Popovič, P. Brož, and J. Buršík, Microstructure and Phase Equilibria in the Ni-Al-W System, Intermetallics, 2008, 16, p 884-888

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. A.V. Nikolskii, A.M. Zakharov, V.G. Parshikov, and L.G. Vodopyanova, Izv Vyssh Ucheb Zaved Tsv, Metall, 1990, 2, p 89-94, in Russian

    Google Scholar 

  28. A.V. Nikolskii, A.M. Zakharov, V.G. Parshikov, L.C. Vodopyanova and I.P. Kazakova, Russ Akad Nauk Metally, 1992, 6, p 203-206 (in Russian).

  29. Z. Jin, W. Gan, and C. Qiu, A Study of the Isothermal Section of the W-Ni-Co System at 1300 C, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1990, 124(2), p 211-213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. P. Cao, W. Gan, and D. Ding, Zhong Gong Daxue Xuebao, 1996, 27(1), p 70-72 (in Chinese).

  31. Y.F. Cui, X. Zhang, G.L. Xu, W.J. Zhu, H.S. Liu, and Z.P. Jin, Thermodynamic Assessment of Co-Al-W System and Solidification of Co-enriched Ternary Alloys, J. Mater. Sci., 2011, 46(8), p 2611-2621

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. PandatTM software for Multicomponent Phase Diagram Calculation is available from Computherm LLC, 437 S. Yellowstone Drive, Suite 217, Madison, WI 53719, USA.

  33. M. Ooshima, K. Tanaka, N.L. Okamoto, K. Kishida, and H. Inui, Effects of Quaternary Alloying Elements on the γ′ Solvus Temperature of Co-Al-W Based Alloys with fcc/L12 Two-phase Microstructures, J. Alloys Compds., 2010, 508(1), p 71-78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. N. Dupin and I. Ansara, Thermodynamic Evaluation of the System Al-Co, Rev Metall-Cahiers D Info Technol, 1998, 95, p 1121-1129

    Google Scholar 

  35. I. Ansara (Ed.) Thermochemical Database for Light Metal Alloys, Concerted Action on Materials Science, ECSC-EECEAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg, 1995.

  36. A. Fernández Guillermet, Thermodynamic Properties of the Co-W-C System, Metall. Trans., 1989, 20A, p 935-956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. W. Huang and Y.A. Chang, A Thermodynamic Analysis of the Ni-Al System. Intermetallics, 1998, 6, p 487-498, Corrigendum: Intermetallics 1999, 7, p 625-626

  38. P. Gustafson, A Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Cr-Ni-W System, Calphad, 1988, 12(3), p 277-292

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  39. A. Fernández Guillermet, Assessment of the Thermodynamic Properties of the Ni-Co System, Z Metkd, 1987, 78, p 639-647

    Google Scholar 

  40. A.T. Dinsdale, SGTE Data for Pure Elements, Calphad, 1991, 15(4), p 317-425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. O. Redlich and A.T. Kister, Thermodynamics of Nonelectrolytic Solutions. Algebraic Representation of Thermodynamic Properties and the Classification of Solutions, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1948, 40(2), p 345-348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. M. Hillert and L.I. Staffansson, The Regular Solution Model for Stoichiometric Phases and Ionic Melts, Acta Chem. Scand., 1970, 24, p 3618-3626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. S. Meher, S. Nag, J. Tiley, A. Goel, and R. Banerjee, Coarsening Kinetics of γ′ Precipitates in Cobalt-Base Alloys, Acta Mater., 2013, 61(11), p 4266-4276

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Gareth Seward for performing the EPMA measurements. This work was supported by the NSF DMREF Grant No. DMR 1233704, the NSF Grant No. DMR 1008659, and GE Energy. The MRL Shared Experimental Facilities are supported by the MRSEC Program of the NSF under Award No. DMR 1121053; a member of the NSF-funded Materials Research Facilities Network (www.mrfn.org).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    J. Zhu

  2. University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA

    M. S. Titus & T. M. Pollock

Authors
  1. J. Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. S. Titus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T. M. Pollock
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Zhu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhu, J., Titus, M.S. & Pollock, T.M. Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Modeling of the Co-Rich Region in the Co-Al-Ni-W Quaternary System. J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 35, 595–611 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-014-0327-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-014-0327-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation