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Thermoelectric Device Fabrication Using Thermal Spray and Laser Micromachining

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Abstract

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are solid-state devices that convert heat directly into electricity. They are used in many engineering applications such as vehicle and industrial waste-heat recovery systems to provide electrical power, improve operating efficiency and reduce costs. State-of-art TEG manufacturing is based on prefabricated materials and a labor-intensive process involving soldering, epoxy bonding, and mechanical clamping for assembly. This reduces their durability and raises costs. Additive manufacturing technologies, such as thermal spray, present opportunities to overcome these challenges. In this work, TEGs have been fabricated for the first time using thermal spray technology and laser micromachining. The TEGs are fabricated directly onto engineering component surfaces. First, current fabrication techniques of TEGs are presented. Next, the steps required to fabricate a thermal spray-based TEG module, including the formation of the metallic interconnect layers and the thermoelectric legs are presented. A technique for bridging the air gap between two adjacent thermoelectric elements for the top layer using a sacrificial filler material is also demonstrated. A flat 50.8 mm × 50.8 mm TEG module is fabricated using this method and its performance is experimentally characterized and found to be in agreement with expected values of open-circuit voltage based on the materials used.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge support for this work from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) under Agreement # 25222 and the National Science Foundation under Grant CBET #1048744.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Thermal Spray Research, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA

    Mahder Tewolde, Gaosheng Fu, David J. Hwang & Jon P. Longtin

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Thermal Spray Research, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA

    Sanjay Sampath

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    Lei Zuo

Authors
  1. Mahder Tewolde
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  2. Gaosheng Fu
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  3. David J. Hwang
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  5. Sanjay Sampath
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  6. Jon P. Longtin
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Correspondence to Jon P. Longtin.

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Tewolde, M., Fu, G., Hwang, D.J. et al. Thermoelectric Device Fabrication Using Thermal Spray and Laser Micromachining. J Therm Spray Tech 25, 431–440 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-015-0351-y

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