Abstract
WC-10Co-4Cr cermet coatings were deposited on the substrate of AISI 1045 steel by using high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying process. The Taguchi method including the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to optimize the porosity and, in turn, the corrosion resistance of the coatings. The spray parameters evaluated in this study were spray distance, oxygen flow, and kerosene flow. The results indicated that the important sequence of spray parameters on the porosity of the coatings was spray distance > oxygen flow > kerosene flow, and the spray distance was the only significant factor. The optimum spraying condition was 300 mm for the spray distance, 1900 scfh for the oxygen flow, and 6.0 gph for the kerosene flow. The results showed the significant influence of the microstructure on the corrosion resistance of the coatings. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS) results showed that the WC-10Co-4Cr cermet coating obtained by the optimum spraying condition with the lowest porosity exhibits the best corrosion resistance and seems to be an alternative to hard chromium coating.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
K.S. Tan, J.A. Wharton, and R.J.K. Wood, Solid Particle Erosion-Corrosion Behaviour of a Novel HVOF Nickel Aluminium Bronze Coating for Marine Applications-Correlation Between Mass Loss and Electrochemical Measurements, Wear, 2005, 258, p 629–640
L. Thakur and N. Arora, Sliding and Abrasive Wear Behavior of WC-CoCr Coatings With Different Carbide Sizes, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2013, 22(2), p 574–583
W. Żórawski and S.J. Skrzypek, Tribological Properties of Plasma and HVOF-Sprayed NiCrBSi-Fe2O3 Composite Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2013, 220, p 282–289
R. Nieminen, P. Vuoristo, K. Niemi, T. Mantyla, and G. Barbezat, Rolling Contact Fatigue Failure Mechanisms in Plasma and HVOF Sprayed WC-Co Coatings, Wear, 1997, 212, p 66–77
S. Hong, Y.P. Wu, Q. Wang, G.B. Ying, G.Y. Li, W.W. Gao, B. Wang, and W.M. Guo, Microstructure and Cavitation-Silt Erosion Behavior of High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel (HVOF) Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr Coating, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2013, 225, p 85–91
M. Gui, R. Eybel, B. Asselin, S. Radhakrishnan, and J. Cerps, Influence of Processing Parameters on Residual Stress of High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Thermally Sprayed WC-Co-Cr Coating, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2012, 21(10), p 2090–2098
Y.Y. Santana, J.G. La Barbera-Sosa, A. Bencomo, J. Lesage, D. Chicot, E. Bemporad, E.S. Puchi-Cabrera, and M.H. Staia, Influence of Mechanical Properties of Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt Thermal Spray Coatings on Their Solid Particle Erosion Behavior, Surf. Eng., 2012, 28(4), p 237–243
W. Żórawski, The Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Liquid-Fuel HVOF Sprayed Nanostructured WC-12Co Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2013, 220, p 276–281
V.A.D. Souza and A. Neville, Mechanisms and Kinetics of WC-Co-Cr High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Thermal Spray Coating Degradation in Corrosive Environments, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(1), p 106–117
L. Thakur, N. Arora, R. Jayaganthan, and R. Sood, An Investigation on Erosion Behavior of HVOF Sprayed WC-CoCr Coatings, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011, 258, p 1225–1234
Y.Y. Santana, J.G. La Barbera-Sosa, J. Caro, E.S. Puchi-Cabrera, and M.H. Staia, Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of WC-10Co-4Cr and WC-12Co Thermal Spray Coatings Deposited by HVOF, Surf. Eng., 2008, 24(5), p 378–382
J.M. Perry, A. Neville, V.A. Wilson, and T. Hodgkiess, Assessment of the Corrosion Rates and Mechanisms of a WC-Co-Cr HVOF Coating in Static and Liquid-Solid Impingement Saline Environments, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2001, 137, p 43–51
J.M. Perry, A. Neville, and T. Hodgkiess, A Comparison of the Corrosion Behavior of WC-Co-Cr and WC-Co HVOF Thermally Sprayed Coatings by In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2002, 11(4), p 536–541
G. Bolelli, R. Giovanardi, L. Lusvarghi, and T. Manfredini, Corrosion Resistance of HVOF-Sprayed Coatings for Hard Chrome Replacement, Corros. Sci., 2006, 48, p 3375–3397
G. Bolelli, V. Cannillo, L. Lusvarghi, R. Rosa, A. Valarezo, W.B. Choi, R. Dey, C. Weyant, and S. Sampath, Functionally Graded WC-Co/NiAl HVOF Coatings for Damage Tolerance, Wear and Corrosion Protection, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2012, 206, p 2585–2601
C. Godoy, M.M. Lima, M.M.R. Castro, and J.C. Avelar-Batista, Structural Changes in high-Velocity Oxy-Fuel Thermally Sprayed WC-Co Coatings for Improved Corrosion Resistance, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2004, 188-189, p 1–6
G. Taguchi, Introduction to Quality Engineering, 1st ed., Asian Productivity Organization, Tokyo, 1986
W.H. Yang and Y.S. Tarng, Design Optimization of Cutting Parameters for Turning Operations Based on the Taguchi Method, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1998, 84, p 122–129
M. Nalbant, H. Gokkaya, and G. Sur, Application of Taguchi Method in the Optimization of Cutting Parameters for Surface Roughness in Turning, Mater. Design, 2007, 28, p 1379–1385
X. Bie, J.G. Lu, Y.P. Wang, L. Gong, Q.B. Ma, and Z.Z. Ye, Optimization of Parameters for Deposition of Ga-Doped ZnO Films by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering Using Taguchi Method, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011, 257, p 6125–6128
D. Weng, P. Jokiel, A. Uebleis, and H. Boehni, Corrosion and Protection Characteristics of Zinc and Manganese Phosphate Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1996, 88, p 147–156
S. Koksal, F. Ficici, R. Kayikci, and O. Savas, Experimental Optimization of Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of In Situ AlB2/Al Composite Based on Taguchi’s Method, Mater. Design, 2012, 42, p 124–130
L. Gil and M.H. Staia, Influence of HVOF Parameters on the Corrosion Resistance of NiWCrBSi Coatings, Thin Solid Films, 2002, 420-421, p 446–454
L.D. Zhao, M. Maurer, F. Fischer, R. Dicks, and E. Lugscheider, Influence of Spray Parameters on the Particle In-Flight Properties and the Properties of HVOF Coating of WC-CoCr, Wear, 2004, 257, p 41–46
O. Maranho, D. Rodrigues, M. Boccalini, Jr., and A. Sinatora, Influence of Parameters of the HVOF Thermal Spray Process on the Properties of Multicomponent White Cast Iron Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, 202, p 3494–3500
S. Brioua, K. Belmokre, V. Debout, P. Jacquot, E. Conforto, S. Touzain, and J. Creus, Corrosion Behavior in Artificial Seawater of Thermal-Sprayed WC-CoCr Coatings on Mild Steel by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, J. Solid State Electrochem., 2012, 16, p 633–648
G.C. Saha and T.I. Khan, The Corrosion and Wear Performance of Microcrystalline WC-10Co-4Cr and Near-Nanocrystalline WC-17Co High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Sprayed Coatings on Steel Substrate, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2010, 41A, p 3000–3009
J.E. Cho, S.Y. Hwang, and K.Y. Kim, Corrosion Behavior of Thermal Sprayed WC Cermet Coatings Having Various Metallic Binders in Strong Acidic Environment, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 200, p 2653–2662
W.M. Zhao, Y. Wang, T. Han, K.Y. Wu, and J. Xue, Electrochemical Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance of NiCrBSi Coatings Deposited by HVOF, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2004, 183, p 118–125
C.N. Cao, On the Impedance Plane Displays for Irreversible Electrode Reactions Based on the Stability Conditions of the Steady-State—I. One State Variable Besides Electrode Potential, Electrochim. Acta, 1990, 35, p 831–836
C.N. Cao, On the Impedance Plane Displays for Irreversible Electrode Reactions Based on the Stability Conditions of the Steady-State—II. Two State Variables Besides Electrode Potential, Electrochim. Acta, 1990, 35, p 837–844
R. Saenger, D. Martin, and C. Gabrielli, Electrochemical Characterization of Plasma Sprayed WC-Co Coatings by Impedance Techniques, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2005, 194, p 335–343
C. Liu, A. Leyland, S. Lyon, and A. Matthews, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of PVD-TiN Coatings on Mild Steel and AISI316 Substrates, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1995, 76-77, p 615–622
M. Magnani, P.H. Suegama, N. Espallargas, S. Dosta, C.S. Fugivara, J.M. Guilemany, and A.V. Benedetti, Influence of HVOF Parameters on the Corrosion and Wear Resistance of WC-Co Coatings Sprayed on AA7050 T7, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, 202, p 4746–4757
Acknowledgments
The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51131008), the Marine Renewable Energy Fund Project of the State Oceanic Administration (Grant No. GHME2011CX02) and the Research and Innovation Project for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. CXLX12_0244). The authors also gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hong, S., Wu, Y., Zheng, Y. et al. Effect of Spray Parameters on the Corrosion Behavior of HVOF Sprayed WC-Co-Cr Coatings. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 23, 1434–1439 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-0865-3
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-0865-3