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Synchrotron X-Ray Topography Study of Structural Defects and Strain in Epitaxial Structures of Yb- and Tm-Doped Potassium Rare-Earth Double Tungstates and Their Influence on Laser Performance

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Abstract

Monoclinic potassium rare-earth double tungstates [KRE(WO4)2, RE = Y, Lu, Yb; KREW] are well suited as hosts for active lanthanide ion (Ln3+) dopants for diode-pumped solid-state lasers, with particular interest in thin-disk laser configurations when they are grown as thin films. Using synchrotron white-beam x-ray topography, we have imaged defects and strain in top-seeded solution-grown (TSSG) bulk substrates of different rare-earth tungstates as well as within Yb3+- and Tm3+-doped epitaxies for thin-disk laser applications grown on these substrates by liquid-phase epitaxy. Higher structural stress in Yb:KYW/KYW epitaxies compared with Yb:KLuW/KLuW epitaxies is found to lower efficiency in laser operation. The quality of Tm:KLuW/KLuW epitaxial films is sensitive to doping level, film thickness, and growth rate. Inhomogeneous stresses within the layers are dominated by lattice-mismatch effects rather than by crystallographic anisotropy.

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Acknowledgements

Research carried out in part at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. This work was supported by the Spanish government under project MAT-05-06354-C03-02, and the Catalan government under Project 2009SGR235. J.J. Carvajal and M.C. Pujol are supported by the Education and Science Ministry of Spain and European Social Fund under the Ramón y Cajal program, RYC2006-858 and RYC2004-1453, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA

    B. Raghothamachar & M. Dudley

  2. Physics and Crystallography of Materials and Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/Marcel lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain

    J.J. Carvajal, M.C. Pujol, X. Mateos, R. Solé, M. Aguiló & F. Díaz

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  1. B. Raghothamachar
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  2. J.J. Carvajal
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  3. M.C. Pujol
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  4. X. Mateos
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  5. R. Solé
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  6. M. Aguiló
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  7. F. Díaz
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  8. M. Dudley
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Correspondence to B. Raghothamachar.

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Raghothamachar, B., Carvajal, J., Pujol, M. et al. Synchrotron X-Ray Topography Study of Structural Defects and Strain in Epitaxial Structures of Yb- and Tm-Doped Potassium Rare-Earth Double Tungstates and Their Influence on Laser Performance. J. Electron. Mater. 39, 823–829 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-010-1226-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-010-1226-0

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