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Direct Observation of Formation Behavior of Metal Emulsion in Sn/Salt System

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Abstract

Using two systems with different interfacial tensions, the behavior of metal emulsions during bottom blowing was observed directly with a high-speed camera. The interfacial tension between molten salt (KCl-LiCl-NaCl) and molten Sn was measured by a pendant drop method, and it decreased to about 100 mN/m when the Te content in Sn increased from 0 to 0.5 pct. In both systems, two types of metal emulsion behaviors were observed. In Mode A, fine metal droplets were formed after the metal film ruptured at the interface. In Mode B, the formation of coarse droplets was observed after the disintegration of the column generated by the rising bubble, and the number of droplets increased with the gas flow rate compared to that in Mode A. The generating frequency of each mode revealed that Mode B became dominant with increasing gas flow rate. In the pure Sn/salt system, the numbers of droplets of Mode B showed a local maximum at high gas flow rates, but the numbers of droplets in Sn-0.5 pctTe/salt increased continuously even in the same flow range. Regarding the size distribution, the percentage of coarse metal droplets in the Sn-0.5 pctTe alloy/salt was larger than that in the pure Sn/salt. Furthermore, the effect of interfacial tension on the variation in surface area and volume of the droplets showed a similar tendency for the column height. Therefore, a decrement of the interfacial tension led to an increment of the column height when Mode B occurred and finally resulted in a higher interfacial area.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Steel Research Laboratory, JFE steel Corporation, 1 Kokan-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 721-8510, Japan

    Hironori Yoshida

  2. Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan

    Jiang Liu

  3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Korea

    Sun-Joong Kim

  4. Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan

    Sun-Joong Kim, Xu Gao, Shigeru Ueda, Nobuhiro Maruoka & Shin-ya Kitamura

  5. Process Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Co., Sunayama 16-1, Kamisu, Ibaraki, 314-0255, Japan

    Shinpei Ono

  6. Department of Metallurgy, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Hironori Yoshida

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  1. Hironori Yoshida
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  2. Jiang Liu
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  4. Xu Gao
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  5. Shigeru Ueda
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  6. Nobuhiro Maruoka
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  7. Shinpei Ono
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  8. Shin-ya Kitamura
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Correspondence to Sun-Joong Kim.

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Manuscript submitted December 7, 2015

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Yoshida, H., Liu, J., Kim, SJ. et al. Direct Observation of Formation Behavior of Metal Emulsion in Sn/Salt System. Metall Mater Trans B 47, 2498–2508 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0679-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0679-9

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