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A Mechanical, Microstructural, and Damage Study of Various Tailor Hot Stamped Material Conditions Consisting of Martensite, Bainite, Ferrite, and Pearlite

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Abstract

This paper examines the mechanical, microstructural, and damage characteristics of five different material conditions that were created using the tailored hot stamping process with in-die heating. The tailored material conditions, TMC1 to TMC5 (softest-hardest), were created using die temperatures ranging from 700 °C to 400 °C, respectively. The tensile strength (and total elongation) ranged from 615 MPa (0.24) for TMC1 to 1122 MPa (0.11) for TMC5. TMC3 and TMC4 exhibited intermediate strength levels, with almost no increase in total elongation relative to TMC5. FE-SEM microscopy was used to quantify the mixed-phase microstructures, which ranged in volume fractions of ferrite, pearlite, bainite, and martensite. High-resolution optical microscopy was used to quantify void accumulation and showed that the total void area fraction at ~ 0.60 thickness strain was low for TMC1 and TMC5 (~ 0.09 pct) and highest for TMC3 (0.31 pct). Damage modes were characterized and revealed that the poor damage behavior of TMC3 (martensite/bainite/ferrite composition) was a result of small martensitic grains forming at grain boundaries and grain boundary junctions, which facilitated void nucleation as shown by the highest measured void density for this particular material condition. The excellent ductility of TMC1 was a result of a large grained ferritic/pearlitic microstructure that was less susceptible to void nucleation and growth. Large titanium nitride (TiN) inclusions were observed in all of the tailored material conditions and it was shown that they noticeably contributed to the total void accumulation, specifically for the TMC3 and TMC4 material conditions.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support for this research from Honda R&D Americas, Promatek Research Center (Cosma International), ArcelorMittal, Automotive Partnership Canada, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, the Ontario Research Fund and the Canada Research Chair Secretariat is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Professor Emeritus Doug Boyd at Queen’s University for sharing his knowledge and expertise in identifying steel microstructures. Also, the help of Mr. Robert Harris, at the University of Guelph Advanced Analysis Center is greatly appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada

    Alexander Bardelcik & Caryn J. Vowles

  2. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada

    Michael J. Worswick

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  1. Alexander Bardelcik
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Correspondence to Alexander Bardelcik.

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Manuscript submitted August 9, 2017.

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Bardelcik, A., Vowles, C.J. & Worswick, M.J. A Mechanical, Microstructural, and Damage Study of Various Tailor Hot Stamped Material Conditions Consisting of Martensite, Bainite, Ferrite, and Pearlite. Metall Mater Trans A 49, 1102–1120 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4471-0

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