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Microstructural and Dilatational Changes during Tempering and Tempering Kinetics in Martensitic Medium-Carbon Steel

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Abstract

The microstructural and linear strain changes of martensitic medium-carbon steel were investigated during continuous heating to 600 °C at different rates using dilatometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The precipitation of transition ε-carbides between 70 °C to 240 °C and the precipitation of cementite between 200 °C to 450 °C were observed depending on the heating rate. The measured strain changes during tempering stages 1 and 3 were converted to the fraction of tempered martensite based on the theoretical iron atomic volume change between martensite and tempered martensite. The presegregation amount of carbon before tempering was calculated to be about 0.16 wt pct by comparing the theoretical strain change with the measured strain change. Tempering kinetic models were developed using the tempered martensite fractions converted from the measured strain changes during tempering stages 1 and 3. The kinetics models exhibit a good correlation with the experimentally measured tempering kinetics.

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Notes

  1. The temperature ranges of each tempering stage are quoted from the article of Cheng et al.[17] They change depending on the carbon content and heating rate during tempering and are often overlapped between the various ranges.

  2. The magnitudes of volume changes by tempering are quoted from article of Cheng et al.[17] However, they change depending on the carbon content.

  3. K.A. Taylor et al. suggest that the structural similarity between the ε- and η-carbides will be recognized more clearly by calling the ordered ε′-carbide rather than η-carbide.[19]

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Core Research Center (NCRC) program from MOST and KOSEF (Grant No. R15-2006-022-01002-0) and by the Components and Materials Technology Development program from MOCIE. The authors are thankful to Professor C.J. Van Tyne, Colorado School of Mines, for helpful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea

    Minsu Jung (Graduate Student) & Young-Kook Lee (Associate Professor)

  2. Research Institute of Iron and Steel Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea

    Seok-Jae Lee (Researcher)

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  1. Minsu Jung
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  2. Seok-Jae Lee
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  3. Young-Kook Lee
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Correspondence to Young-Kook Lee.

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Manuscript submitted December 27, 2007.

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Jung, M., Lee, SJ. & Lee, YK. Microstructural and Dilatational Changes during Tempering and Tempering Kinetics in Martensitic Medium-Carbon Steel. Metall Mater Trans A 40, 551–559 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-008-9756-2

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