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Gingipain of Porphyromonas gingivalis manipulates M1 macrophage polarization through C5a pathway

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Abstract

Gingipains secreted by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis, Pg) play an important role in maintaining macrophage infiltrating. And, this study is to evaluate effects of gingipain on M1 macrophage polarization after exposure to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis, Pg) and if these effects are through complement component 5a (C5a) pathway. Mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed to gingipain extracts, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (Ec-LPS), Pg-LPS with or without the C5aR antagonist: PMX-53 for 24 h. Then, gene expressions and protein of IL-12, IL-23, iNOS, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were determined by qRT-PCR and ELISA assays. Surface markers CD86 for M1 and CD206 for M2 were also evaluated by flow cytometry. The results show that gingipain extracts alone increased expressions of IL-12, IL-23, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, but not IL-10. Gingipain extracts plus Ec-LPS decreased expressions of IL-12, IL-23, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in which Ec-LPS induced increase. For gingipain extracts plus Pg-LPS-treated RAW264.7, macrophages, gingipain extracts enhanced expressions of IL-12 and IL-23 in which Pg-LPS induced increase, but not iNOS and IL-10 while gingipain extracts decreased expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in which Pg-LPS induced increase. Interestingly, PMX-53 increased expressions of IL-12, IL-23, and iNOS when RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with gingipain extracts plus Ec-LPS or Pg-LPS and PMX-53, while PMX-53 decreased expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Changes of CD86-positive macrophages were consistent with cytokine changes. Our data indicate that gingipain is a critical regulator, more like a promoter to manipulate M1 macrophage polarization in order to benefit P. gingivalis infection through the C5a pathway.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Cindy Clark, NIH Library Editing Service, for reviewing and editing the manuscript. This study was supported by funding from the Jilin Provincial Science & Technology Department (20150101076JC), the Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University (2016107), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81570983).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China

    Yubo Hou, Haiyan Yu, Gege Li & Jiahui Pan

  2. Department of Implantology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China

    Xinchan Liu

  3. Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Changyu Zheng

  4. Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China

    Weixian Yu

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  1. Yubo Hou
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Correspondence to Weixian Yu.

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Hou, Y., Yu, H., Liu, X. et al. Gingipain of Porphyromonas gingivalis manipulates M1 macrophage polarization through C5a pathway. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal 53, 593–603 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11626-017-0164-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11626-017-0164-z

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