Abstract
There is significant potential for family farming to contribute to several dimensions of the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. Our research aims to provide insights to help strengthen sustainable family farming. We focus on initiatives that have advanced sustainable family farming innovations in Colombia and analyse the factors and dynamics that have led to the limited penetration of those innovations across the country. To that aim, a transformative methodology is applied involving representatives of farmers’ associations, supporting organisations and researchers from various disciplinary fields. We analyse the network of initiatives against the conceptual background of sociotechnical niches and identify a stable niche where generic lessons are being systematically identified and used to establish replication projects. However, this niche is still limited in its breadth, which results in a low capacity for expansion and a strong dependency on international donors for reproducing experiences. Specific recommendations are outlined for broadening the type of actors involved in the interpretation and dissemination of lessons from the niche. Moreover, we outline suggestions for further research and conceptualisation in two directions: for exploring effective ways of broadening the niche and translating niche lessons to state policies and for deepening the understanding of interactions between the niche and other levels.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Acevedo-Osorio Á (2013) Escuelas de agroecologia en Colombia la construcción del conocimiento agroecológico en manos campesinas. In: Altieri MA, Sarandon S, Morales CF, Funes F, Siura S (eds) Congreso Latinoamericano de agroecologia articulos completos. Sociedad Centifica Latinoamericana de Agroecologia (SOCLA), Lima
Acevedo-Osorio Á (2016a). Contribuciones y retos de la agricultura familiar en Colombia. In: Acevedo-Osorio Á, Martínez-Collazos J (eds) La agricultura familiar en Colombia. Estudios de caso desde la multifuncionalidad y su aporte a la paz. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, pp 33–45
Acevedo-Osorio Á (2016b) Monofuncionalidad, multifuncionalidad e hibridación de funciones de las agriculturas de la cuenca del río Guaguarco, sur del Tolima. Rev Luna Azul 43:251–285
Acevedo-Osorio Á, Martínez-Collazos J (eds) (2016) La agricultura familiar en Colombia. Estudios de caso desde la multifuncionalidad y su aporte a la paz. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bogotá
Altieri MA, Toledo VM (2011) The agroecological revolution in Latin America: rescuing nature, ensuring food sovereignty and empowering peasants. J Peasant Stud 38(3):587–612
Borras S (2003) Questioning market-led agrarian reform: experiences from Brazil, Colombia and South Africa. J Agrar Change 3(3):367–394
Bunch R (1985) Dos mazorcas de maiz: una guiá para el mejoramiento agrićola orientado hacia la gente. World Neighbors, Oklahoma
Cano C, van der Hammen MC, Arbeláez C (2010) Sembrar en medio del desierto: ritual y agrobiodiversidad entre los wayuu. Insituto Alexander von Humboldt: Tropenbos Internacional Colombia: Parque Nacional Natural Macuira de la UAESPNN, Bogotá, Colombia
Castro Murillo R (1995) Impacto del programa de desarrollo rural integrado sobre la productividad y el nivel de vida de los pequenyos productores rurales en Colombia. In: United Nations (ed) Productividad de los pobres rurales y urbanos. Naciones Unidas, Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), Santiago de Chile, pp 67–99
CIN-AF (2015) Documento de trabajo 2015–2016. Comité de Impulso Nacional de la Agricultura Familiar en Colombia
Corrales Roa E (2011a) Evolución de la estructura agraria y transformación socio-productiva del paisaje rural en Riosucio y Supía (Caldas, Colombia) a partir de mediados del siglo xix. Cuad de Desarro Rural 8(67):153–179
Corrales Roa E (2011b) Viabilidad cultural y ambiental de sistemas de producción rurales. El caso de Asproinca en Riosucio y Supía, Colombia. In: Ramírez Juárez J, Tulet JC (eds) Recomposición territorial de la agricultura campesina en América Latina. 1a ed. Colegio de Postgraduados; GEODE, Géographie de l’environnement, [Mexico]: [Toulouse]: México, D.F.: Plaza y Valdés, pp 39–58
DANE (2016) Censo nacional agropecuario Décimo segunda entrega resultados 2014. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica, Bogotá
DNP (2015a) Plan nacional de desarrollo 2014–2018. Departamento Nacional de Planeación, Bogotá
DNP (2015b) El campo Colombiano: un camino hacia el bienestar y la paz. Misión para la Transformación del Campo. Departamento Nacional de Planeación, Bogotá
Elzen B, Geels FW, Leeuwis C, van Mierlo B (2011) Normative contestation in transitions ‘in the making’: animal welfare concerns and system innovation in pig husbandry. Res Policy 40(2):263–275
FAO (2015) FAO and the 17 sustainable development goals. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Forero-Álvarez J (2013) The economy of family farming production. Cuad de Desarro Rural 10(70):27–45
Forero-Álvarez J, Galarza JA, Torres LE, Forero JL (2002) La economía campesina colombiana, 1999–2001. Instituto Latinoamericano de Servicios Legales Alternativos, Bogotá
Garay LJ (2013) Globalización, glocalización y territorio. In: Garay LJ, Bailey RG, Forero-Álvarez J, Barberi Gómez F, Ramírez C, Suárez DM, Gómez R, Castro Forero Y, Alvarez Zárate JM, Roldón Ortega R, Sánchez Botero E, Machado A, Salgado C, Naranjo S, Perry S (eds) Reflexiones sobre la ruralidad y el territorio en Colombia. Problemática y retos actuales, Oxfam, pp 13–20
Garay LJ, Barberi F, Cardona I (2010) Impactos del TLC con Estados Unidos sobre la economía campesina en Colombia. Instituto Latinoamericano para una Sociedad y un Derecho Alternativo (ILSA)
Garner E, de la Oampos AP (2014) Identifying the “family farm”: an informal discussion of the concepts and definitions. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome
Geels FW (2002) Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study. Res Policy 31(8–9):1257–1274
Geels FW (2011) The multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions: responses to seven criticisms. Environ Innov Soc Trans 1(1):24–40
Geels F, Deuten JJ (2006) Local and global dynamics in technological development: a socio-cognitive perspective on knowledge flows and lessons from reinforced concrete. Sci Public Policy 33(4):265–275
Geels F, Raven R (2006) Non-linearity and expectations in niche-development trajectories: ups and downs in Dutch biogas development (1973–2003). Technol Anal Strateg Manag 18(3–4):375–392
Gómez CJL, Sánchez-Ayala L, Vargas GA (2015) Armed conflict, land grabs and primitive accumulation in Colombia: micro processes, macro trends and the puzzles in between. J Peasant Stud 42(2):255–274
Gordon LJ, Finlayson CM, Falkenmark M (2010) Managing water in agriculture for food production and other ecosystem services. Agric Water Manag 97(4):512–519
Gutiérrez JD (2014) Smallholders’ agricultural cooperatives in Colombia: vehicles for rural development. Desarrollo y Sociedad 73:219–271
Hosonuma N, Herold M, De Sy V, De Fries RS, Brockhaus M, Verchot L, Angelsen A, Romijn E (2012) An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. Environ Res Lett 7(4):044009
Hristov J (2005) Indigenous struggles for land and culture in Cauca, Colombia. J Peasant Stud 32(1):88–117
IAASTD (ed) (2009) Global report: agriculture at a crossroads. Island Press, Washington, DC
Kremen, C., A. Iles, and C. Bacon. 2012. Diversified Farming Systems: An Agroecological, Systems-based Alternative to Modern Industrial Agriculture. Ecology and Society 17(4)
Machado A, Salgado C, Naranjo S (2013) Territorios para el desarrollo de las sociedades y economías campesinas. In: Garay Salamanca LJ, Bailey RG, Forero-Álvarez J, Barberi Gómez F, Ramírez C, Suárez DM, Gómez R, Castro Forero Y, Alvarez Zárate JM, Roldón Ortega R, Sánchez Botero E, Machado A, Salgado C, Naranjo S, Perry S (eds) Reflexiones sobre la ruralidad y el territorio en Colombia, Problemáticas y retos actuales. Oxfam, Bogotá, pp 275–366
MADR (2014) Por medio de la cual se crea el Programa de Agricultura Familiar y se dictan otras disposiciones. Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá
Mayring P (2000) Qualitative content analysis. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung 1(2)
Mayring P (2008) Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse: Grundlagen und Techniken. Beltz, Weinheim
Mejía Gutierrez M (1997) Agriculturas para la vida: movimientos alternativos frente a la agricultura quimica. Corporacion para la Educacion Especial Mi Nuevo Mundo, Cali
Mejía Gutierrez M (2006) Agricultura y ganadería orgánicas a condiciones colombianas: retorno de los pobres al campo. Mario Mejía Gutierrez, Cali
Murgueitio E (2002) Integrated systems: the experiences from CIPAV in Colombia. LEISA-LEUSDEN 18:14–15
Nicholls C, Altieri MA, Vazquez L (2016) Principles for the conversion and redesign of farming systems. J Ecosyst Ecograph. doi:10.4172/2157-7625.S5-010
Pretty J, Morison JI, Hine R (2003) Reducing food poverty by increasing agricultural sustainability in developing countries. Agric Ecosyst Environ 95(1):217–234
Pumisacho M, Sharwood S (2005) Guía metodológica sobre escuelas de campo de agricultores. CIP-INIAP; World Neighbors, Quito
Raven R (2007) Niche accumulation and hybridisation strategies in transition processes towards a sustainable energy system: an assessment of differences and pitfalls. Energy Policy 35(4):2390–2400
Reinhardt N (1988) Our daily bread: the peasant question and family farming in the Colombian Andes. University of California Press, Berkeley
Rip A, Kemp R (1998) Technological change. In: Rayner S, Malone EL (eds) Human choice and climate change. Resources and Technology, vol II. Battelle Press, Columbus, pp 327–399
Rodríguez R, Hesse-Rodríguez M (2000). Al andar se hace camino: guía metodológica para desencadenar procesos autogestionarios alrededor de experiencias agroecológicas. Fundación Sembradores de Esperanza: PODION, Corporación de Servicio a proyectos de Desarrollo: CELAM, Colombia
Rodríguez Jiménez L (2016) Historia de la Redbiocol. Revista RedBioCol (1):6–9
Rogers EM (1983) Diffusion of innovations, 3rd edn. Free Press, New York (Collier Macmillan, London)
Rosset PM, Martínez-Torres ME (2012) Rural social movements and agroecology: context, theory, and process. Ecol Soc 17(3)
Salgado Araméndez C (2002) Los campesinos imaginados. Instituto Latinoamericano para una Sociedad y un Derecho Alternativo (ILSA), Bogotá
Schneider S, Niederle PA (2008) Agricultura Familiar e Teoria Social: a diversidade das formas familiares de produção na agricultura. In: Faleiro FG, Lopes de Farias Neto A (eds) Savanas: desafios e estratégias para o equilíbrio entre sociedade agronegócio e recursos naturais. Embrapa Informacao Tecnologica, Brazil, pp 989–1014
Schot J, Geels FW (2007) Niches in evolutionary theories of technical change. J Evol Econ 17(5):605–622
Schot J, Geels FW (2008) Strategic niche management and sustainable innovation journeys: theory, findings, research agenda, and policy. Technol Anal Strat Manag 20(5):537–554
Sevilla E, Martinez-Alier J (2006) New rural social movements and agroecology. In: Cloke P, Marsden T, Mooney P (eds) Handbook of rural studies. SAGE, Thousand Oaks, pp 472–483
Seyfang G, Hielscher S, Hargreaves T, Martiskainen M, Smith A (2014) A grassroots sustainable energy niche? Reflections on community energy in the UK. Environ Innov Soc Trans 13:21–44
Smith A (2007) Translating sustainabilities between green niches and socio-technical regimes. Technol Anal Strat Manag 19(4):427–450
Smith P, Olesen JE (2010) Synergies between the mitigation of, and adaptation to, climate change in agriculture. J Agric Sci 148(05):543–552
Smith A, Stirling A, Berkhout F (2005) The governance of sustainable socio-technical transitions. Res Policy 34(10):1491–1510
Smith A, Voß J-P, Grin J (2010) Innovation studies and sustainability transitions: the allure of the multi-level perspective and its challenges. Res Policy 39(4):435–448
Smith A, Hargreaves T, Hielscher S, Martiskainen M, Seyfang G (2016) Making the most of community energies: three perspectives on grassroots innovation. Environ Plan A 48(2):407–432
Star SL, Griesemer JR (1989) Institutional ecology, ‘translations’ and boundary objects: amateurs and professionals in Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907–1939. Soc Stud Sci 19(3):387–420
Tobasura Acuña I (2011) De campesinos a empresarios: la retórica neoliberal de la política agraria en Colombia. Espacio Abierto 20(4):641–647
UNDP (2011) Colombia rural, razones para la esperanza: resumen ejecutivo. United Nations Development Programme, Bogotá
UNDP (2012) Association of indigenous and peasant producers (ASPROINCA). United Nations Development Programme, New York
Vilsmaier U, Engbers M, Luthardt P, Maas-Deipenbrock RM, Wunderlich S, Scholz RW (2015) Case-based mutual learning sessions: knowledge integration and transfer in transdisciplinary processes. Sustain Sci 10(4):563–580
Weis T (2010) The accelerating biophysical contradictions of industrial capitalist agriculture. J Agrar Change 10(3):315–341
World Bank (2014) Land policy: sector results profile. http://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2013/04/15/land-policy-results-profile
Zamosc L (2006) The agrarian question and the peasant movement in Colombia: Struggles of the National Peasant Association, 1967–1981. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Acknowledgements
Financial support from the WISIONS initiative (http://www.wisions.net) was invaluable for this study. Our most sincere thanks go to the management and promoters team at ASPROINCA and the coordinators of the RedBioCol network for their support for the organisation of the cbMLS. Moreover, this research would not have been possible without the valuable contributions made by all the participants at the case encounter in Riosucio; the experiences, knowledge and ideas they shared were essential for this study, and we would like thank them all. We would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped us to improve the quality of the article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Handled by Karel F. Mulder, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ortiz, W., Vilsmaier, U. & Acevedo Osorio, Á. The diffusion of sustainable family farming practices in Colombia: an emerging sociotechnical niche?. Sustain Sci 13, 829–847 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-017-0493-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-017-0493-6