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Diagnostic and prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for axillary lymph node staging in patients with breast cancer

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Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for axillary lymph node (LN) staging in breast cancer patients, employing histologic evaluation as the reference.

Methods

Among 196 patients with biopsy-proven breast cancer who had undergone 18F-FDG-PET/CT before mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery with sentinel LN biopsy and/or axillary LN dissection, 200 axillae were retrospectively analyzed by visual assessment and quantitatively using SUVmax. LN SUVmax as well as other clinicopathological features were assessed for their prognostic value using the log-rank test and Cox method.

Results

Metastasis was diagnosed histopathologically in 56 (28 %) axillae. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of visual PET/CT for diagnosing node metastasis were 55.4, 95.8, and 84.5 %, respectively. When the optimal discriminative SUVmax cutoff was 1.5, these figures were 51.8, 97.2, and 84.5 %, respectively. Fourteen of 55 patients (25.5 %) with LN metastases suffered a recurrence during follow-up (median 39 months). Patients with a high nodal SUVmax (≥1.7) had a significantly lower progression-free survival rate than those with a low SUVmax (p = 0.0499). Axillary nodal and primary tumor SUVmax as well as estrogen receptor status were significantly associated with recurrence.

Conclusion

Axillary nodal SUVmax may be a prognostic indicator of disease recurrence in patients with axillary LN metastases.

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Authors and Affiliations

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Correspondence to Kazuhiro Kitajima.

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Conflict of interest

We declare that there was no financial support or relationship that may have posed a conflict of interest during this study.

Human and animal rights statement

We clearly state that the treatment of human participants in this study had the approval of an appropriate named ethics committee, and compliedwith the Helsinki declaration.

Informed consent

This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board of our hospital, and the requirement for informed consent was waived.

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Kitajima, K., Fukushima, K., Miyoshi, Y. et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for axillary lymph node staging in patients with breast cancer. Jpn J Radiol 34, 220–228 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-015-0515-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-015-0515-1

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