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Effects of annealing temperature on the electrochemical characteristics of ZnO microrods as anode materials of lithium-ion battery using chemical bath deposition

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Abstract

This study reports a facile synthesis of ZnO microrods using chemical bath deposition (CBD) for anode materials of lithium-ion batteries (LIB). During the synthesis, we controlled the uniformity, the density, and the diameter growth of ZnO microrods in order to find the optimum conditions. In particular, the effects of annealing temperature on the ZnO microrod morphology, structure, and electrochemical performances were further investigated. The size, alignment, and uniformity of the ZnO microrods were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while structural analysis was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The results showed that the annealing temperatures significantly influenced the ZnO microrod growth. We found the excellent experimental parameters were achieved at annealing temperature of 150 °C (ZnO_150) within 10 min and three seed layers, providing an average diameter of ~ 233.6 nm, crystallite size of 46.01 nm, and the density of 5.05 rods/μm2. Among the other samples, the ZnO_150 microrods delivered the highest initial discharge capacity of 811 mAhg−1 with relatively stable capacity retention of ~ 82% after 80 cycles and excellent rate capability performance.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mr. Achmad Subhan (LIPI) and Dr. Wahyu Bambang Widayatno (LIPI) for providing technical assistance and fruitful discussion.

Funding

This work was partially supported by the USAID through Sustainable Higher Education Research Alliances (SHERA) Project for Universitas Indonesia’s SMART CITY Center for Collaborative Research, partially funded by INSINAS grant No. 04/INS-2/PPK/E/E4/2017, INSINAS grant No. IRPK-148-2018, and the 2018 KIST School Partnership Project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI, Depok, 16424, Indonesia

    Yoyok Dwi Setyo Pambudi, Rudy Setiabudy & Chairul Hudaya

  2. Center for Nuclear Reactor Technology and Safety, BATAN, Puspiptek Area, Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, 15310, Indonesia

    Yoyok Dwi Setyo Pambudi

  3. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI, Depok, 16424, Indonesia

    Akhmad Herman Yuwono

  4. Center for Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, BATAN, Kawasan Puspiptek, Serpong, Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia

    Evvy Kartini

  5. Center for Energy Convergence Research, Green City Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14 gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea

    Joong Kee Lee

  6. Energy System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI, Depok, 16424, Indonesia

    Chairul Hudaya

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  1. Yoyok Dwi Setyo Pambudi
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Correspondence to Rudy Setiabudy or Chairul Hudaya.

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Pambudi, Y.D.S., Setiabudy, R., Yuwono, A.H. et al. Effects of annealing temperature on the electrochemical characteristics of ZnO microrods as anode materials of lithium-ion battery using chemical bath deposition. Ionics 25, 457–466 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-018-2723-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-018-2723-z

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