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Säure-Basen-Störungen und Nierensteine

Acid-base disorders and kidney stones

  • Leitthema
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Zusammenfassung

Säure-Basen-Störungen beeinflussen die Zusammensetzung und damit die Lithogenizität des Urins maßgeblich. Obwohl die physiologische Redundanz relativ groß ist, kommt es in speziellen klinischen Situationen trotzdem zu einer relevanten Häufung von Nierensteinen. Nierensteine aus Kalziumphosphat, Harnsäure oder Ammoniumurat sind häufig mit systemischen Säure-Basen-Störungen assoziiert. Zur frühzeitigen Erkennung und Einleitung effektiver Therapiemaßnahmen sind Kenntnisse der zugrunde liegenden Pathomechanismen unerlässlich. Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist es, dem Leser die Ursachen und Therapieoptionen bei Nierensteinen, die im Zusammenhang mit Störungen des systemischen Säure-Basen-Haushalts stehen, näherzubringen.

Abstract

Acid-base disturbances directly influence the composition and hence the lithogenicity of urine. Although the physiological redundancy is relatively large, the risk for the development of kidney stones is increased under certain clinical circumstances. Kidney stones containing calcium phosphate, uric acid or ammonium urate are frequently associated with systemic acid-base disturbances. For early recognition and prompt initiation of effective treatment measures for these disorders, a thorough knowledge of the underlying pathomechanisms is critical. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathophysiology and treatment options of kidney stones associated with systemic acid-base disturbances.

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Danksagung

Der Autor dankt dem Schweizerischen Nationalfonds für die Unterstützung durch die Forschungsgrants # 31003A_152829 und 33IC30_166785.

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  1. Universitätsklinik für Nephrologie und Hypertonie, Freiburgstr. 15, 3010, Bern, Schweiz

    D. G. Fuster

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Correspondence to D. G. Fuster.

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D. G. Fuster gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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U. Heemann, München

R. P. Wüthrich, Zürich

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Fuster, D.G. Säure-Basen-Störungen und Nierensteine. Nephrologe 13, 30–36 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-017-0200-8

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