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Connection between earthquakes and deep fluids revealed by magnetotelluric imaging in Songyuan, China

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Abstract

Songyuan is the most earthquake prone area in northeast China. Since 2006, earthquakes have occurred in the area in the form of swarms, with a maximum magnitude of ML5.8. There is much controversy about the cause of the Songyuan earthquakes. We attempted to determine the cause using a three-dimensional electrical conductivity structure inverted from a regional network of magnetotelluric data in the Songyuan area. The L-BFGS inversion method was applied, with a full-impedance tensor data set used as the inversion input. Combined with an evaluation of the earthquake locations, the resistivity model revealed a northeast-oriented hidden fault running through the Songyuan earthquake area (SEA), which was speculated to be the preexisting Fuyu-Zhaodong Fault (FZF). Our resistivity model also found an apparent lithospheric low-resistivity anomaly beneath the earthquake area, which breached the high-resistivity lithospheric mantle and stalled at the base of the crust. A petrophysical analysis showed that this lower crustal low-resistivity anomaly was most likely attributed to hydrated partial melting, which could release water into the lower crust during later magma emplacements. While weakening the strength of the FZF, these ascending fluids also increased the pore pressure in the fault, further reducing the shear strength of the fault. Shear stress action (a fault strike component of the east-west regional compress), together with possible near-surface disturbances, may drive the fault to slip and trigger the earthquakes in Songyuan. It is possible that the continuous replenishment of fluids from the deeper mantle forces the Songyuan earthquakes into the form of swarms. We infer that the Songyuan earthquakes could be attributed to a combination of preexisting faults, regional stress, and deep fluids associated with plate subduction, and near surface disturbances might induce the earthquakes in advance. The Songyuan earthquakes are inherently induced earthquakes, fed by deep fluids.

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Acknowledgements

Zikun ZHOU, Zonglin ZOU, and Ying HUANG from Jilin University participated in the data collection. Jiling ZHANG and Xianfu MENG from the Jilin Kingti Geo-exploration Technology Co., Ltd. also assisted in the collection. Data processing was done through trEMisSIS, a 3D electromagnetic processing and inversion software package. Discussions with Wenliang XU from Jilin University, Xiaodong PAN from Jilin Earthquake Agency, Guangwei ZHANG from Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Rizheng HE form Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and Qinghe LI from the Earthquake Administration of Jiangsu Province deepened the understanding of this manuscript. In-depth exchanges of views on data processing and interpretation, especially the mechanism of earthquake, with Xiaobin CHEN from the Institute of Geology at the China Earthquake Administration is extremely valuable for the improvement of the paper. Special thanks are due to the two anonymous reviewers who offered constructive suggestions to improve the understanding and structure of this study. The authors benefited significantly from their rigorous academic input. Thank the editors for the encouragement and hard work in our research work. This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (Grant No. 2014AA06A601) and the National Project for the Development of Major Scientific Instruments (Grant No. 2011YQ05006010), and we also thank the support from China Railway Design Corporation.

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  1. College of Geo-exploration Sciences & Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China

    Yu Tang, Aihua Weng, Yanhui Zhang & Yabin Li

  2. First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China

    Yue Yang

  3. China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Beijing, 100083, China

    Shiwen Li

  4. Construction Engineering College of Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China

    Jianjun Niu

  5. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou, 510760, China

    Jianping Li

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  1. Yu Tang
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Tang, Y., Weng, A., Yang, Y. et al. Connection between earthquakes and deep fluids revealed by magnetotelluric imaging in Songyuan, China. Sci. China Earth Sci. 64, 161–176 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-019-9633-y

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