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Shaping effects of rice, wheat, maize, and soybean seedlings on their rhizosphere microbial community

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Abstract

The rhizosphere microbiome plays critical roles in plant growth and is an important interface for resource exchange between plants and the soil environment. Crops at various growing stages, especially the seedling stage, have strong shaping effects on the rhizosphere microbial community, and such community reconstruction will positively feed back to the plant growth. In the present study, we analyzed the variations of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of four crop species: rice, soybean, maize, and wheat during successive cultivations (three repeats for the seedling stages) using 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) high-throughput sequencing. We found that the relative abundances of specific microorganisms decreased after different cultivation times, e.g., Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Rhodanobacter, and Caulobacter, which have been reported as plant-growth beneficial bacteria. The relative abundances of potential plant pathogenic fungi Myrothecium and Ascochyta increased with the successive cultivation times. The co-occurrence network analysis showed that the bacterial and fungal communities under maize were much more stable than those under rice, soybean, and wheat. The present study explored the characteristics of bacteria and fungi in crop seedling rhizosphere and indicated that the characteristics of indigenous soil flora might determine the plant growth status. Further study will focus on the use of the critical microorganisms to control the growth and yield of specific crops.

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Data availability

The raw sequencing data were submitted to the NCBI Sequence Read Archive database with BioProject numbers PRJNA817794 (16S rRNA) and PRJNA817886 (ITS).

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their constructive and valuable comments for enhancing the quality of our manuscript.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41907210, 21777145, 21976161) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA0909504).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People’s Republic of China

    Fan Zhang, Nuohan Xu, Zhenyan Zhang, Qi Zhang, Yaohui Yang, Zhitao Yu, Liwei Sun, Tao Lu & Haifeng Qian

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  1. Fan Zhang
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  2. Nuohan Xu
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  3. Zhenyan Zhang
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  4. Qi Zhang
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Contributions

Fan Zhang: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, writing—original draft.Nuohan Xu: methodology, investigation, validation, formal analysis. Zhenyan Zhang: investigation, formal analysis. Qi Zhang: investigation, formal analysis. Yaohui Yang: methodology, software. Zhitao Yu: methodology, investigation. Liwei Sun: formal analysis, funding acquisition. Tao Lu: project administration, formal analysis, writing—review and editing. Haifeng Qian: project administration, visualization, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Tao Lu.

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Zhang, F., Xu, N., Zhang, Z. et al. Shaping effects of rice, wheat, maize, and soybean seedlings on their rhizosphere microbial community. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 35972–35984 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24835-3

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