Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the combined effects of temperature, precipitation, ecological footprint, carbon footprints, rice plant area harvested, and fertilizer use on Nigeria’s rice production by using data from 1971 to 2018. The study used the bounds test for cointegration and the novel dynamic ARDL (DYNARDL) simulation approach. The bounds test shows a long-run relationship. The empirical results show that temperature has a positive long-run effect on rice production; however, this result is insignificant. Furthermore, rainfall has a negative long-run effect on rice production. The ecological footprint has a positive long-run effect on rice production. In contrast, carbon footprint has a negative long-run effect on rice production. For non-climatic input factors, potash fertilizer has positive short-run and long-run effects on rice production, and rice area harvested has a positive but insignificant long-run effect on rice production. The study provides valuable policy directions for the policymakers in Nigeria.
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The null hypothesis of no cointegration can be shown as follows: H0 : α1 = α2 = α3 = α4 = α5 = α6 = α7 = 0
This is done for the implementation of the dynamic ARDL error correction term algorithm
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Authors CCE and RUO conceptualized the work. Authors CCE and RUO designed the methodology, handled the data collection and conducted the data analysis. Authors CCE and RUO managed the literature searches. Author CCE wrote the first draft of the paper. Authors RUO and CUN contributed to writing the final manuscript. Authors RUO and CUN revised and edited the manuscript. Author CUN supervised the writing of the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Emenekwe, C.C., Onyeneke, R.U. & Nwajiuba, C.U. Assessing the combined effects of temperature, precipitation, total ecological footprint, and carbon footprint on rice production in Nigeria: a dynamic ARDL simulations approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 85005–85025 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21656-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21656-2