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Effects of silicon and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on arsenic accumulation, phytochelatin metabolism, and antioxidant system by rice under arsenic toxicity

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Abstract

Arsenic (As) is known to be one of the most toxic metalloids for humans and plants; however, little is known about the use of silicon (Si) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in reducing As toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was conducted to examine the effects of Si-NPs (50 and 100 mg/L), TiO2-NPs (25 and 50 mg/L) and As (50 µM) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant defense system, glyoxalase system, expression of Si/As transporters, and genes involved in As sequestration in rice under hydroponic conditions. The results revealed that Si- and TiO2-NPs by upregulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes and glyoxalase cycle reduced hydrogen peroxide, methylglyoxal, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage, and thus protected the photosynthetic apparatus and improved plant growth under As stress. By increasing the expression of GSH1, PCS, and ABC1 genes, Si- and TiO2-NPs increased leaf and root accumulation of glutathione and phytochelatins and sequestered As in vacuoles, which protected plant cells from As toxicity. Si-NPs diminished As uptake and increased Si uptake in As-exposed rice plants by modulating the expression of Si/As transporters (Lsi1, Lsi2, and Lsi6). The results depicted that 100 mg/L Si-NPs treatment had the highest positive effect on plant growth and tolerance under As stress compared to other treatments. In general, Si- and TiO2-NPs augmented the growth of rice under As stress through different strategies, which can be used to design effective fertilizers to enhance the crop growth and yield in areas contaminated with toxic metals.

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Data availability

All data used or analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran

    Tahereh Kiany, Leila Pishkar, Nasrin Sartipnia & Giti Barzin

  2. Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Teheran, Iran

    Alireza Iranbakhsh

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  1. Tahereh Kiany
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  2. Leila Pishkar
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  3. Nasrin Sartipnia
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  4. Alireza Iranbakhsh
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  5. Giti Barzin
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Contributions

Conceptualization and Methodology, T.K., L.P.; Validation and Investigation, L.P., N.S.; Analysis, T.K., G.B.; Resources, L.P., A.I.; Writing original, T.K.; Review and editing, L.P.

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Correspondence to Leila Pishkar.

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Responsible Editor: Gangrong Shi

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Kiany, T., Pishkar, L., Sartipnia, N. et al. Effects of silicon and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on arsenic accumulation, phytochelatin metabolism, and antioxidant system by rice under arsenic toxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 34725–34737 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17927-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17927-z

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