Abstract
Wound healing is one of the utmost medical issues in human and veterinary medicine, which explains the urgent need for developing new agents that possess wound healing activities. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of green and chemical zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for wound healing. ZnO-NPs (green using Lawsonia inermis leaf extract and chemical) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The gels containing the nanomaterials were prepared and inspected. Forty-five albino rats were divided into three groups, the control group was treated with normal saline 0.9%, and the other two groups were treated with gels containing green or chemical ZnO-NPs, respectively. On the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days post-treatment (PT), the wounds were clinicopathologically examined. Both nanomaterials have good crystallinity and high purity, but green ZnO-NPs have a longer nanowire length and diameter than chemical ZnO-NPs. The formed gels were highly viscous with a pH of 6.5 to 7. The treated groups with ZnO-NP gels showed clinical improvement, as decreased wound surface area (WSA) percent (WSA%), increased wound contraction percent (WC%), and reduced healing time (p < 0.05) when compared with the control group. The histological scoring showed that the epithelialization score was significantly higher at the 21st day post-treatment in the treated groups than in the control group (p < 0.05), but the vasculature, necrosis, connective tissue formation, and collagen synthesis scores were mostly similar. The green and chemical ZnO-NP gels showed promising wound healing properties; however, the L. inermis–mediated ZnO-NPs were more effective.
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The datasets used and analyzed in this research are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. Marwa A. Moghazy, Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials Lab., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt, for her help in analyzing the characterized nanoparticles.
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The study was supported financially by Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
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ASS and AAA designed the study design, AAM carried out the experimental procedures and statistical analysis, KhE prepared the nanoparticles, MAM performed the interpretation of the pathological samples, and AAS prepared the studied gels and helped in their evaluation tests and wrote and edited the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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The animals were maintained and used in accordance with the guidelines of the Animal Ethics Committee in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at South Valley University, Qena, Egypt (approval no. VM-2019–0017).
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Metwally, A.A., Abdel-Hady, AN.A.A., Haridy, M.A.M. et al. Wound healing properties of green (using Lawsonia inermis leaf extract) and chemically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles in albino rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 23975–23987 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17670-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17670-5