Abstract
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by certain marine dinoflagellates accumulate in filter-feeding marine bivalves. We used LC-MS/MS to detect and quantify 13 PSTs in 188 shellfish samples of 14 species collected from Shenzhen city’s Buji seafood wholesale market from March 2019 to February 2020. Twenty-six of 188 shellfish samples (13.8%) were PSTs detectable. Within 14 species, 10 out of 34 noble clam Chlamys nobilis samples contain detectable PSTs with the highest detection rate 29.4%. Seven out of 17 samples from Nan’ao island contained detectable PSTs with the highest detection rate 41.2% among 11 origins. Samples containing PSTs were concentrated in spring and winter, with the highest levels in March>December>January. Among PSTs detected, C1 was dominant. Acute dietary exposure assessment for Shenzhen residents were based on mean adult body weight, 99th percentile daily shellfish consumption of Shenzhen food consumption survey 2008 and maximum PSTs concentration for each shellfish species. The outcome for Chlamys nobilis was 2.4~3.7-fold higher than recommended ARfDs. Mean PSTs concentration, P99, and mean shellfish consumption were used to assess chronic dietary exposure. The results were lower than recommended ARfDs. In conclusion, residents in Shenzhen are at risk for acute PSTs poisoning, while relatively safe from chronic PSTs exposure.
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Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- ARfD:
-
Acute reference dose
- bw:
-
Body weight
- dcNEO:
-
Neo-dc saxitoxin
- dcSTX:
-
Dc saxitoxin
- EFSA:
-
European Food Safety Authority
- FAO:
-
Food and Agriculture Organization
- GTX5:
-
Pgonyautoxin 5
- IOC:
-
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
- LB:
-
Lower bound
- LOD(s):
-
Limits of detection
- LOAEL:
-
Low observed adverse effect level
- ND:
-
Non-detected
- NEO:
-
Neosaxitoxin
- PSP:
-
Paralytical shellfish poisoning
- PST(s):
-
Paralytic shellfish toxin(s)
- STX:
-
Saxitoxin
- STX eq.:
-
Saxitoxin equivalent(s)
- SZFCS 2008:
-
Shenzhen Food Consumption Survey 2008
- TEF(s):
-
Toxicity-equivalence factors
- TDI:
-
Tolerable daily intake
- UB:
-
Upper bound
- WHO:
-
World Health Organization
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Funding
This work was supported by the Shenzhen Basic Research Plan [JCYJ20180508152311822], the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018FY100201, 2019YFC407900), Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund (SZXK069), and Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (SZSM201611090).
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YZ: writing-original draft preparation, visualization, formal analysis. SL: methodology. JZ: data curation. JZ: project administration, methodology. ZW: methodology, data curation. LP: methodology, data curation. BH: conceptualization, methodology. KH: data curation. XC: methodology. QZ: data curation. TJ: methodology, funding acquisition. JL: project administration, conceptualization, methodology, supervision, funding acquisition.
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Zhou, ., Li, S., Zhang, J. et al. Dietary exposure assessment of paralytic shellfish toxins through shellfish consumption in Shenzhen population, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 10222–10234 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16249-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16249-4