Abstract
Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) represents the 85% of the total residue produced during the beer brewing process, with a global annual production volume exceeding 30 Mtons. The current study concerns the application of solid state fermentation (SSF) as a bioprocess where the nutritional value of BSG is improved for further use as animal feed with increased value. The investigated SSF procedure was initiated by the edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus, which constitutes a natural source of proteins, β-glucans, and various metabolites (vitamins, nutrients, etc.). Herein, the SSF of BSG resulted in a significant increase of protein content by 49.49%, a 10-fold increase of 1,3-1,6 β-glucans, and a respective reduction of cellulose by 11.42%. The application of this method is expected to provide some useful information on the utilization of BSG as substrate for fungi-initiated SSF, a bioprocess allowing the significant reduction of the environmental impact caused by the beer brewing industry and simultaneously producing animal feed with higher protein content and improved nutritional characteristics. Such studies contribute to confront the unavailability of proteinaceous animal feed observed in the last decade.
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This research has been co-financed by the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the call RESEARCH–CREATE–INNOVATE (project code: T1EDK-04331).
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CE conducted the experiments, analyzed the data, discussed the results, and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. DA had the idea for the article, designed the experiments, discussed the results, and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. NC conducted the literature survey, analyzed the data, discussed the results, and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. GM conducted the literature survey, analyzed the data, discussed the results, and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. SAH had the general supervision and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Eliopoulos, ., Arapoglou, D., Chorianopoulos, N. et al. Conversion of brewers’ spent grain into proteinaceous animal feed using solid state fermentation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 29562–29569 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15495-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15495-w