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Nexus between Human Development Index (HDI) and CO2 emissions in a developing country: decoupling study evidence from Bangladesh

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Abstract

Even if developing nations are entitled to take part in the attempts of decreasing carbon emissions to elude alarming environment change, the consequences of carbon lessening goals in Human Development Index of developing nations continue an issue of dispute. Based on the decoupling relationship and index decomposition, the aim of the study is for determining the nexus between the Human Development Index and CO2 emissions from the year 1990 to 2018 in Bangladesh. The outcomes exposed that Bangladesh accomplished weak and strong decoupling all through the analysis time. From the index decomposition of different factors point of view, it is revealed that variation in economic activity factor produces a significant amount of CO2 emissions which is 0.0623 tonnes, and in terms of percentage, it stands for 105%. While energy intensity and economic structure factors act an indiscernible part in the rise of CO2 emissions and in terms of percentage, it stands for 10.77% and 2.77%, respectively. Contrary, CO2 emissions’ coefficient and energy structure factors are liable for decrease carbon emissions to some extent, and in terms of percentage, it replicates 7.27% and 11.97%, respectively. Based on the outcomes, the paper offers regulations for the energy policymaker of Bangladesh on carbon emissions’ alleviation policies and an important decision-making indication to speed up low-carbon growth.

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

ARDL:

Autoregressive distributed lag

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

EKC:

Environmental Kuznets curve

EPI:

Environmental Performance Index

GDP:

Gross domestic product

GJ:

Gigajoule

GMM:

Generalized method of moments

GNI:

Gross national income

HD:

Human development

HDI:

Human Development Index

IEA:

International Energy Agency

IPCC:

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Kt:

Kilo tonne

LMDI:

Logarithmic mean Divisia index

PHDI:

Planetary pressures-adjusted Human Development Index

UNDP:

United Nations Development Programme

WDI:

World Development Indicators

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thanks their family members who continuously support and inspire them to do this research work.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC-71672009.71972011).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

    Md. Afzal Hossain & Songsheng Chen

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  1. Md. Afzal Hossain
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Md. Afzal Hossain; methodology: Md. Afzal Hossain; formal analysis and investigation: Md. Afzal Hossain; writing—original draft preparation: Md. Afzal Hossain; writing review and editing: Songsheng Chen; funding acquisition: Songsheng Chen; resources: Songsheng Chen; supervision: Songsheng Chen.

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Correspondence to Md. Afzal Hossain or Songsheng Chen.

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Appendix

Appendix

Table 6 Calculations of total CO2 emissions (per capita in tonne) in industry sector of Bangladesh
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Table 7 Calculations of total CO2 emissions (per capita in tonne) in service and agricultural sectors of Bangladesh
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Hossain, M.A., Chen, S. Nexus between Human Development Index (HDI) and CO2 emissions in a developing country: decoupling study evidence from Bangladesh. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 58742–58754 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14822-5

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