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Evaluation of pasture allowance of manganese for ruminants

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to access the Mn contamination in soil, forages, and animals. Heavy metal pollution is a matter of prime significance in natural environment. Through food chain, toxicity of heavy metals and their bioaccumulation potential are transferred into humans. Higher concentrations of metallic compounds are toxic to living organisms but these are essential to maintain body metabolism. Intake of food crops polluted with heavy metals is chief food chain channel for human exposure. Animals are exposed to heavy metal stress by the intake of richly contaminated food crops; those are chief part of food chain. Samples of soil, plant, animal blood, hair, and feces were collected to find contamination through wet digestion process in lab and metal analysis. Different forages were collected to study Mn content that was our major concern in this study. The present findings also emphasized on the assessment of bio-concentration factor (BCF). Other significant indices of mobility and pollution of metal were also calculated, i.e. pollution load index (PLI), daily intake of metal (DIM), health risk index (HRI), and enrichment factor (EF). The experimentation result showed different concentrations of metal in different seasons. The Mn concentration in forages was 20.01–28.29 mg/kg and in soil was 5.27–8.90 mg/kg. Soil samples showed higher level of (PLI) Pollution load index. Bio-concentration of MN was 2.59–4.21 mg/kg. It can be concluded that regular monitoring of the metal is essential to evaluate the contamination status. Mn contents were in the safe limits in soil and plants; however, its toxic level was observed in animals.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51974313 and 41907405) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20180641).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China

    Xiaoping Ge & Muhammad Sohail

  2. School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China

    Fu Chen & Jing Ma

  3. Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Laraib Saqlain, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Kafeel Ahmad, Ifra Saleem Malik, Asma Ashfaq, Razia Sultana & Mudasra Munir

  4. Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Muhammad Nadeem

  5. Department of Botany, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Umer Farooq Awan

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  1. Xiaoping Ge
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  2. Fu Chen
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Contributions

XGE, FC, JM LS, and MHS were responsible for writing the manuscript. ZIK and KA and MS supervised the study. AA, ISM, RS, MM, and MHS were responsible for conducting the experiments and the data analysis. MN and MUFA, XGE, FC, and JM were responsible for analyzing and interpreting the data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zafar Iqbal Khan.

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Ethical statement

All the study protocols were approved by the institutional animal ethics committee, University of Sargodha (Approval No. 25-A18 IEC UOS). All the experiments performed complied with the rules of the National Research Council and all methods were performed keeping in view the ethical principles regarding animals’ accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

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Ge, X., Chen, F., Saqlain, L. et al. Evaluation of pasture allowance of manganese for ruminants. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 56906–56914 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14666-z

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