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Potential and safe utilization of Fly ash as fertilizer for Pisum sativum L. Grown in phytoremediated and non-phytoremediated amendments

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Abstract

The present study focuses on the possibility of applying fly ash to agricultural fields for enhancing the production of agricultural crops. In this study, Pisum sativum L. was grown from germination stage to maturation stage in phytoremediated and non-phytoremediated or raw fly ash-amended soil. All the morphological (height, biomass, number of leaf, and leaf size) and physiological parameters like, protein content, chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase activity, and peroxidase activity were monitored to understand the effects of fly ash or its usefulness for using it as a fertilizer for facilitating micronutrients. Major finding of this study is that 40% (w/w) of non-phytoremediated fly ash amendment could be used for field application. Percentage increase of toxic metals in below ground organs was 6% for Cd, 6% for Cr, 5% for Cu, 15% for Mn, and 7% for Pb when compared with the control. In the non-phytoremediated fly ash-amended set, heavy metals and metalloids were present in the grains only at higher amendments T3 (60%) and T4 (80%). However, except Cd, all the metals were below the permissible limits suggested by the WHO. Phytoremediated fly ash could be used as a fertilizer up to 100% for the cultivation of pea plant as metals concentrations were found either below detection limit or below the WHO permissible limit.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Central Instrumentation facility of BIT, Mesra, for providing Research facility. The author is also thankful to Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund for providing research fellowship (Ref: SU-1/291/2016-17/83).

Funding

This work was supported by Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund for providing research fellowship (Ref: SU-1/291/2016-17/83).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India

    Tanushree Bhattacharya, Shikha Kumari Pandey & Abhishek Kumar

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500043, India

    Shikha Kumari Pandey

  3. Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India

    Vimal Chandra Pandey

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  1. Tanushree Bhattacharya
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  2. Shikha Kumari Pandey
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  3. Vimal Chandra Pandey
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  4. Abhishek Kumar
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Contributions

TB: conceptualization, supervision, visualization, writing-original draft. SKP: methodology, formal analysis, writing-original draft. SKP & AK: analyzed data and soil analysis. VCP: conceptualization, visualization, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Vimal Chandra Pandey.

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All authors were informed about, and agreed to the protocol.

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Tanushree Bhattacharya and Shikha Kumari Pandey are joint first author.

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Bhattacharya, T., Pandey, S.K., Pandey, V.C. et al. Potential and safe utilization of Fly ash as fertilizer for Pisum sativum L. Grown in phytoremediated and non-phytoremediated amendments. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 50153–50166 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14179-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14179-9

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