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Feasibility of nanoscale zerovalent iron-loaded sediment-based biochar (nZVI-SBC) for simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate: high selectivity toward dinitrogen and synergistic mechanism

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Abstract

In the process of water treatment, excessive nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants are of great concern. Therefore, we prepared nanoscale zerovalent iron loaded on sediment-based biochar (nZVI-SBC) to conduct nitrate and phosphate removal at the same time. The characterization demonstrated that nZVI-SBC was successfully synthesized, which had obvious advantages for larger specific surface area and better dispersion compared with pure nZVI. The batch experiments indicated that the best loading ratio of nZVI to SBC and optimum dosage for nitrate and phosphate were 1:1and 2 g L−1, respectively. Their removal by nZVI-SBC was an acid-driven process. Anoxic environment was more conducive to the reduction of nitrate while the phosphate removal was fond of oxygen environment. A total of 77.78% of nitrate and 99.21% of phosphate have been successfully removed, mainly depending on reduction and complexation mechanism, respectively. Moreover, nZVI-SBC had higher N2 selectivity and produced less ammonium than nZVI. The interaction between nitrate and phosphate was studied to manifest that they had different degrees of inhibition during the removal of the other. Our research indicated that nZVI-SBC has great potential for remediation of nitrogen and phosphorus polluted water.

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All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.

Funding

Financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51778015), Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (8202007), and Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (2017ZX07103-001).

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X.H L. and J.W. designed the study, performed the research, analyzed the data, and wrote the paper. L.G. H., Y.H. Z., Y.D. W., and J. L. contributed significantly to the analysis of the synergistic mechanism. L.Y. X. and Y.F. Z. helped perform the analysis with constructive discussions. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jia Wei.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Responsible Editor: Zhihong Xu

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Liu, X., Wei, J., Hou, L. et al. Feasibility of nanoscale zerovalent iron-loaded sediment-based biochar (nZVI-SBC) for simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate: high selectivity toward dinitrogen and synergistic mechanism. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 37448–37458 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13322-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13322-w

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