Abstract
Coastal cities play an important role in regional economic development and sustainable development strategies of water resources and their ecological environment. As a typical coastal city in Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao city is facing severe problems, such as water shortages and water environment deterioration, while social and economic development continues. Based on input-output analysis, we established a dynamic optimization model among Qinhuangdao city’s socioeconomic development, water resources and water environment. The 2013–2030 simulation after introducing comprehensive water resources policies of regional development, examines the regional socioeconomic development, optimizes the water resources supply structure and improves the water environment under the optimal scenario, and evaluates policy feasibility through cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The simulation results suggest that under the optimal scenario, the water-use efficiency (WE) of Qinhuangdao is improved by 59.14% and the proportion of reclaimed water and desalinated seawater in the water supply structure is increased by 13.70%. In addition, it has achieved an average annual gross regional production (GRP) growth rate of 6.36% and an average annual chemical oxygen demand (COD) emission rate of 17.95%. Moreover, the net present value (NPV) of the projects under the optimal scenario is 1.534 billion Chinese yuan (CNY), which means that the policy is economically feasible. Our research is helpful to improve the WE, optimize the water supply structure and protect the hydrogeological environment in coastal cities with water shortages and can provide a reference for Qinhuangdao city and other similar coastal cities to realize the rational utilization of water resources and regional sustainable development.
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Abbreviations
- CBA:
-
Cost-benefit analysis
- WE:
-
Water-use efficiency
- GRP:
-
Gross regional product
- COD:
-
Chemical oxygen demand
- NPV:
-
Net present value
- CNY:
-
Chinese yuan
- LINGO:
-
Linear Interactive and General Optimizer
- MED:
-
Multieffect distillation
- DMBR:
-
Dynamic membrane bioreactor
- CMBR:
-
ceramic membrane bioreactor
- en:
-
Endogenous variable
- ex:
-
Exogenous variable
- IWE:
-
Water consumption per 10,000 CNY of the added value of the industry
- OWE:
-
Water consumption per 10,000 CNY of the added value of the other industries
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Acknowledgment
We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41971258), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2652019089).
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers [41971258]) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant numbers [2652019089]).
Data AvailabilityThe datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
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Ziyao An, Jingjing Yan, and Jinghua Sha conceived the idea. Ziyao An and Yufang Ma provided the data and built the model. Ziyao An analyzed data and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Jingjing Yan and Siyu Mou contributed to the revisions. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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An, Z., Yan, J., Sha, J. et al. Dynamic simulation for comprehensive water resources policies to improve water-use efficiency in coastal city. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 25628–25649 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12191-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12191-z