Abstract
Shipping is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutant emissions. These emissions mainly come from using diesel fuel for power generation. In this paper, the natural gas is proposed as an alternative marine fuel to be used instead of conventional marine diesel oil. Numerical analysis of environmental and economic benefits of the natural gas-diesel dual-fuel engine is carried out. As a case study, a container ship of class A7 owned by Hapag-Lloyd has been investigated. The results show that the proposed dual-fuel engine achieves environmental benefits for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 20.1%, 85.5%, 98%, 99%, and 55.7% with cost effectiveness of 109, 840, 9864, 27761, and 4307 US$/ton, respectively. The results show that the conversion process to the dual-fuel engine will comply with the current and future IMO regulations regarding air pollutant emissions. On the other hand, using the proposed dual-fuel engine on the container ship will improve the ship energy efficiency index by 29.6 % with annual fuel cost saving of 4.77 million US dollars.
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Data availability
The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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We would like to thank the anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions and corrections on the earlier draft of our paper, upon which we have improved the content.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Ahmed G. Elkafas. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ahmed G. Elkafas. Mohamed M. Elgohary and Mohamed R. Shouman commented and reviewed the previous versions of the manuscript. Supervision of the research: Mohamed M. Elgohary. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Elkafas, A.G., Elgohary, M.M. & Shouman, M.R. Numerical analysis of economic and environmental benefits of marine fuel conversion from diesel oil to natural gas for container ships. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 15210–15222 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11639-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11639-6