Abstract
In this study, the co-effect of clay mineral-based photocatalyst and humic acid on the photodegradation of dye was revealed for the first time. The clay mineral-based photocatalyst, maifanite/g-C3N4, was prepared using the co-calcining method. The physical and chemical properties of the maifanite/g-C3N4 photocatalysts with various ratios were characterized by multiple characterization methods, including SEM, XPS, BET, UV-Vis, FTIR, contact angle, and XRD. The respective degradation experiment of humic acid and RhB was performed using maifanite/g-C3N4 photocatalysts. The degradation process of mixture solution of humic acid and RhB was measured using EEM and UV-vis. The result indicates that in the presence of humic acid, low ratio of maifanite/g-C3N4 inhibits the production of by-products derived from the interaction of humic acid and the degradation of RhB. However, high ratio of maifanite/g-C3N4 is not conducive to the degradation of RhB. The ratio of 1:3 for maifanite/g-C3N4 is optimal for the photodegradation of RhB in the presence of humic acid. This article provides a new perspective to develop the co-effect of clay mineral and humic acid in the photodegradation of organic pollutant.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
References
Bai X et al (2018) Simultaneous photocatalytic removal of Cr(VI) and RhB over 2D MoS2/red phosphorus heterostructure under visible light irradiation. Mater Lett 222:187–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.04.001
Chen Y, Zhang K, Zuo Y (2013) Direct and indirect photodegradation of estriol in the presence of humic acid, nitrate and iron complexes in water solutions. Sci Total Environ 463(464):802–809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.026
Elavarasan S, Baskar B, Senthil C, Bhanja P, Sasidharan M (2016) An efficient mesoporous carbon nitride (g-C3N4) functionalized Pd catalyst for carbon–carbon bond formation reactions. RSC Adv 6:49376–49386
Gong X-J, Li Y-S, Dong Y-Q, Li W-G (2020) Arsenic adsorption by innovative iron/calcium in-situ-impregnated mesoporous activated carbons from low-temperature water and effects of the presence of humic acids Chemosphere 250:126275 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126275
Guo Y, Li C, Guo Y, Wang X, Li X (2019) Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of mesoporous g-C3N4/Na-bentonite composites and its application for efficient photocatalytic simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and RhB. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 578:123624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123624
Hatamie A, Marahel F, Sharifat A (2018) Green synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (g-C3N4) and using it as a label-free fluorosensor for detection of metronidazole via quenching of the fluorescence Talanta 176:518-525 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.059
Hong R, Zhang L, Zhu W, Gu C (2019) Photo-transformation of atrazine in aqueous solution in the presence of Fe3+−montmorillonite clay and humic substances. Sci Total Environ 652:224–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.199
Li W, Liu X-M (2020) Mobilization and partitioning of rare earth elements in the presence of humic acids and siderophores Chemosphere 254:126801 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126801
Lu X, Wang Q, Cui D (2010) Preparation and photocatalytic properties of g-C3N4/TiO2 Hybrid Composite. J Mater Sci Technol 26:925–930. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1005-0302(10)60149-1
Luo K et al. (2019) Enhanced ciprofloxacin removal by sludge-derived biochar: effect of humic acid Chemosphere 231:495-501 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.151
Sen Kavurmaci S, Bekbolet M (2014) Tracing TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of humic acid in the presence of clay particles by excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 282:53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.03.011
Shi J, Chen T, Guo C, Liu Z, Feng S, Li Y, Hu J (2019) The bifunctional composites of AC restrain the stack of g-C3N4 with the excellent adsorption-photocatalytic performance for the removal of RhB. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 580:123701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123701
Singh S, Kumar V, Singh J (2019) Kinetic study of the biodegradation of glyphosate by indigenous soil bacterial isolates in presence of humic acid, Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions. J. Environ. Chem. Eng 7(103098). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103098
Tan L, Tan X, Mei H, Ai Y, Sun L, Zhao G, Hayat T, Alsaedi A, Chen C, Wang X (2018) Coagulation behavior of humic acid in aqueous solutions containing Cs+, Sr2+ and Eu3+: DLS, EEM and MD simulations. Environ Pollut 236:835–843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.019
Tang J, Zhuang L, Yu Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Wen P, Zhou S (2019) Insight into complexation of Cu(II) to hyperthermophilic compost-derived humic acids by EEM-PARAFAC combined with heterospectral two dimensional correlation analyses. Sci Total Environ 656:29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.357
Thirumavalavan M, Hu Y-L, Lee J-F (2012) Effects of humic acid and suspended soils on adsorption and photo-degradation of microcystin-LR onto samples from Taiwan reservoirs and rivers. J Hazard Mater 217-218:323–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.031
Yang W, Han C, Yang H, Xue X (2018) Significant HONO formation by the photolysis of nitrates in the presence of humic acids. Environ Pollut 243:679–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.039
Yang H, Li E, Zhou B, Wang Y, Li P, Xia S (2020a) Preparation and characterization of a g-C3N4/LSACF composite and application in RhB degradation Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 30:1463-1472 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-019-01302-0
Yang H, Luo B, Zhang Y, Zhou B, Manzoor Ahmed S, Liu H, Liu X, He Y, Xia S (2020b) Study of humic acid adsorption character on natural maifan stone: characterization, Kinetics, Adsorption Isotherm, and Thermodynamics. ACS Omega 5:7683–7692. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c00622
Yang S, Feng Y., Liu N., Zhao Y., Wang X., Zhang Z., Chen H., Yu Y. (2020c) Enhancement on the removal of rhodamine B (RhB) by means of the enlarged anode electric biological (EAEB) reactor Chemosphere 245:125566 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125566,
Yao C, Wang X, Zhao W, Li T, He Y, Ran X, Guo L (2020) Probing the facet-dependent intermediate in the visible-light degradation of RhB by carbon-coated anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. J Alloys Compd 846:156335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156335
Ye Y, Yang H, Wang X, Feng W (2018) Photocatalytic, Fenton and photo-Fenton degradation of RhB over Z-scheme g-C3N4/LaFeO3 heterojunction photocatalysts Mater. Sci Semicond Process 82:14–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2018.03.033
Zhang J, Yang Z, Wang L, Chao L (2020) Carbon covered Ag and Bi nanoparticles uniformly dispersed in porous carbon matrix: synergistic effect for removal of RhB. Mater Lett 275:128099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128099
Zhu M et al. (2019) K2Ti6O13 hybridized graphene oxide: effective enhancement in photodegradation of RhB and photoreduction of U(VI) Environ Pollut 248:448-455 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.025
Zhuan R, Wang J (2020) Degradation of diclofenac in aqueous solution by ionizing radiation in the presence of humic acid. Sep Purif Technol 234:116079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116079
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely thank the grant funded by the Study on Comprehensive Control of Rocky Desertification and Ecological Service Function Improvement in Karst Peaks (No. 2016YFC0502402). This work also was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51709254) and Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2020335).
Funding
The Study on Comprehensive Control of Rocky Desertification and Ecological Service Function Improvement in Karst Peaks (No. 2016YFC0502402). National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51709254), and Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2020335).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Investigation, software, writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing: Hang Yang; investigation, software, writing— original draft: Yi Zhang; funding acquisition, supervision, conceiving and designing the methodology, writing—review, and editing: Shibin Xia.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethics approval
The authors confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all authors. The authors declare that this manuscript has not been published and not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
Consent to participate
The authors have been personally and actively involved in substantive work leading to the manuscript and will hold themselves jointly and individually responsible for its content.
Consent for publication
The authors consent to publish this research.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Sami Rtimi
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, H., Zhang, Y. & Xia, S. Study on the co-effect of maifanite-based photocatalyst and humic acid in the photodegradation of organic pollutant. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 15731–15742 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11603-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11603-4