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A review on fabricating functional materials by heavy metal–containing sludges

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Abstract

With the development of industry, sustainable use of natural resources has become a worldwide hot topic. Heavy metal–containing sludge (HMS) is a hazardous waste after wastewater treatment. At present, HMS is still treated by landfill or landfill after incineration. Considering the components, HMS usually contains various heavy metals and organic compounds, which is potentially used as a raw resource for catalyst production. This review thus concludes recent reports and developments in this field. First, basic technologies are summarized as component regulation, precursor formation, and structure transformations. Second, prepared materials are applied in various catalytic fields, such as gas purification, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and Fenton catalysis. During these processes, key factors are multi-metallic components, metal doping, temperature, and pH. They not only influence the formation of HMS-derived catalyst but also the catalytic activity. Furthermore, catalytic activities of HMS-derived catalysts are compared with those synthesized by pure reagents. An assessment and accounting are also supplied if raw resources are substituted by HMS. Finally, in order to apply HMS in a real application, more works must be devoted to the influence of trace metal doping on catalytic activities and stabilities. Besides, more pilot experiments are urgently necessary.

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Acknowledgments

We appreciate the help of the Instrumental Analysis & Research Center of Shanghai University in sample characterization.

Funding

This project was financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFC1906900).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China

    Hao Hou, Zixing Liu, Jia Zhang & Guangren Qian

  2. MGI, Shanghai University, Xiapu Town, Xiangdong District, Pingxiang, 337022, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China

    Jia Zhang & Guangren Qian

  3. School of Economics, Shanghai University, No. 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China

    Jizhi Zhou

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  1. Hao Hou
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  2. Zixing Liu
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  3. Jia Zhang
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  4. Jizhi Zhou
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  5. Guangren Qian
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Hao Hou and Zixing Liu wrote the original review. Jia Zhang and Jizhi Zhou revised the draft. Guangren Qian put forward the idea.

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Hou, H., Liu, Z., Zhang, J. et al. A review on fabricating functional materials by heavy metal–containing sludges. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 133–155 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10990-y

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