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Development, larvicide activity, and toxicity in nontarget species of the Croton linearis Jacq essential oil nanoemulsion

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Abstract

In this study, the essential oil (EO) from leaves of Croton linearis Jacq was extracted and characterized by GC/MS. The EO hydrophilic-lipophilic balance required (rHLB) for nanoemulsion (NE) development was determined by the Griffin’ method. For evaluating the larvicidal effect against Aedes aegypti, the preparation process of NE was optimized, using a central composite design. It was also evaluated the possible toxic effect of NE in nontarget species. The leaves of C. linearis contain 1.50% of EO, enclosing 61 volatile compounds, mainly eucalyptol (26.66%). The best surfactant, oil:water ratio (4.5–5.0-91.5; % w:w:w), allows to achieve the optimal NE, using a stirring speed of 800 rpm, the addition rate of 0.5 ml/min, and a stirring time of 30 min. NE (with particle size = 163 nm) showed a larvicide effect (LC50 = 17.86 μg/mL) more potent than the whole EO (LC50 = 64.24 μg/mL). NE showed neither hemolytic effect nor cytotoxicity, and it was classified as a nontoxic product, according to the OECD class toxicity test (IC50 > 2000 mg/kg). This product arises in a new green bio-larvicide that could be used for mosquito control.

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Funding

Authors want to thanks to Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and the Foundation for Research Support Foundation of the Amapá State (FAPEAP), Brazil. Grant number 23038.000516/2013-01.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad de Oriente, Patricio Lumumba S/N, CP 90500, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba

    Jesus Rafael Rodriguez Amado, Ariadna Lafourcade Prada, Jesus Garcia Diaz & Júlio Cesar Escalona Arranz

  2. Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, KM 02, S/N – Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, AP, 68903-419, Brazil

    Ariadna Lafourcade Prada & Raimundo Nonato Picanço Souto

  3. Laboratory of Innovation and Development in Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Amazonas, Ave. Rodrigo Otavio, Japiim, Ramos 6200, Coroado,, Manaus, AM, CEP69077-000, Brazil

    Jesus Rafael Rodriguez Amado & Tatiane Pereira de Souza

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  1. Jesus Rafael Rodriguez Amado
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  2. Ariadna Lafourcade Prada
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Correspondence to Jesus Rafael Rodriguez Amado.

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Amado, J.R.R., Prada, A.L., Diaz, J.G. et al. Development, larvicide activity, and toxicity in nontarget species of the Croton linearis Jacq essential oil nanoemulsion. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 9410–9423 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07608-8

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