Abstract
Surfactants widely exist in various kinds of wastewaters which could be treated by pressure-driven membrane separation (PDMS) techniques. Due to the special characteristics of surfactants, they may affect the performance of membrane filtration. Over the last two decades, there are a number of studies on treating wastewaters containing surfactants by PDMS. The current paper gives a review of the roles of surfactants in PDMS processes. The effects of surfactants on membrane performance were discussed via two aspects: influence of surfactants on membrane fouling and enhanced removal of pollutants by surfactants. The characteristics of surfactants in solution and at solid–liquid interface were summarized. Surfactants in membrane filtration processes cause membrane fouling mainly through adsorption, concentration polarization, pore blocking, and cake formation, and fouling degree may be influenced by various factors (feed water composition, membrane properties, and operation conditions). Furthermore, surfactants may also have a positive effect on membrane performance. Enhanced removal of various kinds of pollutants by PDMS in the presence of surfactants has been summarized, and the removal mechanism has been revealed. Based on the current reports, further studies on membrane fouling caused by surfactants and enhanced removal of pollutants by surfactant-aided membrane filtration were also proposed.
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Abbreviations
- AFM:
-
Atomic force microscope
- CA:
-
Cellulose acetate
- CFD:
-
Computational fluid dynamics
- CMC:
-
Critical micelle concentration
- CPC:
-
Cetyl pyridinium chloride
- CTAB:
-
Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
- EO:
-
Ethylene oxide
- MF:
-
Microfiltration
- MWCO:
-
Molecular weight cutoff
- NF:
-
Nanofiltration
- NP-9:
-
Nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether
- ODA:
-
Octadecylamine
- PA:
-
Polyamide
- PAN:
-
Polyacrylonitrile
- PDMS:
-
Pressure-driven membrane separation
- PES:
-
Polyether sulfone
- PS:
-
Polysulfone
- PTFE:
-
Polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVDF:
-
Polyvinylidene fluoride
- RC:
-
Regenerated cellulose
- RIS:
-
Resistance in series
- RO:
-
Reverse osmosis
- UF:
-
Ultrafiltration
- SDS:
-
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SDBS:
-
Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscope
- TMP:
-
Transmembrane pressure
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Funding
This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51578222, 51178172, 51521006, 51308076, and 51378190), the Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (113049A), the Research Fund for the Program for Chang jiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT-13R17), and the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate (Grant No. CX2015B092).
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Shi, L., Huang, J., Zeng, G. et al. Roles of surfactants in pressure-driven membrane separation processes: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 30731–30754 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06345-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06345-x