Abstract
Suicide prevention has become a public health issue of great concern. Previous studies proved that ambient temperature had an impact on suicide death, but few studies focus on regional studies in large cities. We aimed to estimate the association between ambient temperature and suicide in 31 capital cities in China during 2008~2013. Distributed lag non-linear model was used to explore the relationship between ambient temperature and suicide, adjusting for long-term trend, seasonality, and humidity confounders. Multivariate meta-analysis was used to pool the city-specific estimates to explore the overall relative risk in China. High temperature had a significant impact on suicide death. The country-level relative risk of high temperature on suicide was 1.37 (95% CI, 0.96~2.57), and the RR was higher in male and age < 65-year-old group than that in female and age ≥ 65-year-old group. There has no consistent pattern of associations in city-level with sex and age. The high temperature has a greater impact on suicide in south region compared with north region. We found the positive association between ambient temperature and suicide in China.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
[China CDC] Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2015) China death surveillance database 2014 [M]. Popular Science Press, Beijing, p 12
Armstrong B (2006) Models for the relationship between ambient temperature and daily mortality. Epidemiology. 17(6):624–631
Bando DH, Volpe FM (2014) Seasonal variation of suicide in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2010. Crisis. 35(1):5–9
Bando DH, Teng CT, Volpe FM, Masi E, Pereira LA, Braga AL (2017) Suicide and meteorological factors in São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2011: a time series analysis. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 39(3):220–227
Cheng Y, Kan H (2012) Effect of the interaction between outdoor air pollution and extreme temperature on daily mortality in Shanghai, China. J Epidemiol 22(1):28–36
Gasparrini A, Armstrong B, Kenward MG (2010) Distributed lag nonlinear models. Stat Med 29(21):2224–2234
Gasparrini A, Armstrong B, Kenward MG (2012) Multivariate meta-analysis for non-linear and other multi-parameter associations. Stat Med 31(29):3821–3839
Gasparrini A, Guo Y, Hashizume M, Lavigne E, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J et al (2015) Mortality risk attributable to high and low ambient temperature: a multicountry observational study. Lancet. 386(9991):369–375
Gevers A, Dartnall E (2014) The role of mental health in primary prevention of sexual and gender-based violence. Glob Health Action 7:24741
Gong F, Zhao D, Zhao Y, Lu S, Qian Z, Sun Y (2018) The factors associated with geriatric depression in rural China: stratified by household structure. Psychol Health Med 23(5):593–603
Grimaldi D, Carter JR, Van Cauter E, Leproult R (2016) Adverse impact of sleep restriction and circadian misalignment on autonomic function in healthy young adults. Hypertension. 68(1):243–250
Helama S, Holopainen J, Partonen T (2013) Temperature-associated suicide mortality: contrasting roles of climatic warming and the suicide prevention program in Finland. Environ Health Prev Med 18(5):349–355
Holopainen J, Helama S, Björkenstam C, Partonen T (2013) Variation and seasonal patterns of suicide mortality in Finland and Sweden since the 1750s. Environ Health Prev Med 18(6):494–501
Holopainen J, Helama S, Partonen T (2014) Does diurnal temperature range influence seasonal suicide mortality? Assessment of daily data of the Helsinki metropolitan area from 1973 to 2010. Int J Biometeorol 58(6):1039–1045
John A, Glendenning AC, Marchant A, Montgomery P, Stewart A, Wood S et al (2018) Self-harm, suicidal behaviours, and cyberbullying in children and young people: systematic review. J Med Internet Res 20(4):e129
Kim Y, Myung W, Won HH, Shim S, Jeon HJ, Choi J et al (2015) Association between air pollution and suicide in South Korea: a nationwide study. PLoS One 10(2):e0117929
Kim Y, Kim H, Honda Y, Guo YL, Chen BY, Woo JM et al (2016) Suicide and ambient temperature in East Asian countries: a time-stratified case-crossover analysis. Environ Health Perspect 124(1):75–80
Kovats RS, Hajat S (2008) Heat stress and public health: a critical review. Annu Rev Public Health 29:41–55
Lederbogen F, Haddad L, Meyer-Lindenberg A (2013) Urban social stress--risk factor for mental disorders. The case of schizophrenia. Environ Pollut 183:2–6
Lin HC, Chen CS, Xirasagar S, Lee HC (2008) Seasonality and climatic associations with violent and nonviolent suicide: a population-based study. Neuropsychobiology. 57(1–2):32–37
Lin GZ, Li L, Song YF, Zhou YX, Shen SQ, Ou CQ (2016) The impact of ambient air pollution on suicide mortality: a case-crossover study in Guangzhou, China. Environ. Health 15(1):90
Lindenbaum K, Stroka MA, Linder R (2014) Informal caregiving for elderly people with mental illnesses and the mental health of the informal caregivers. J Ment Health Policy Econ 17(3):99–105
Liu S, Wu X, Lopez AD, Wang L, Cai Y, Page A et al (2016) An integrated national mortality surveillance system for death registration and mortality surveillance, China. Bull World Health Organ 94(1):46–57
Luan G, Yin P, Li T, Wang L, Zhou M (2017) The years of life lost on cardiovascular disease attributable to ambient temperature in China. Sci Rep 7(1):13531
Luan G, Yin P, Wang L, Zhou M (2018a) The temperature-mortality relationship: an analysis from 31 Chinese provincial capital cities. Int J Environ Health Res 28(2):192–201
Luan G, Yin P, Wang L, Zhou M (2018b) Association between ambient temperature and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based study of the years of life lost. Int J Environ Health Res:1–9
Noelke C, McGovern M, Corsi DJ, Jimenez MP, Stern A, Wing IS et al (2016) Increasing ambient temperature reduces emotional well-being. Environ Res 151:124–129
Qi X, Hu W, Mengersen K, Tong S (2014) Socio-environmental drivers and suicide in Australia: Bayesian spatial analysis. BMC Public Health 14:681
Stafoggia M, Schwartz J, Forastiere F, Perucci CA, SISTI Group (2008) Does temperature modify the association between air pollution and mortality? A multicity case-crossover analysis in Italy. Am J Epidemiol 167(12):1476–1485
Su L, Sun L, Xu L (2018) Review on the prevalence, risk factors and disease management of hypertension among floating population in China during 1990–2016. Glob Health Res Policy 3:24
Sun S, Laden F, Hart JE, Qiu H, Wang Y, Wong CM et al (2018) Seasonal temperature variability and emergency hospital admissions for respiratory diseases: a population-based cohort study. Thorax. 73(10):951–958
Yang J, Yin P, Zhou M, Ou CQ, Guo Y, Gasparrini A et al (2015) Cardiovascular mortality risk attributable to ambient temperature in China. Heart. 101(24):1966–1972
Zhou Y, Zhou L, Fu C, Wang Y, Liu Q, Wu H et al (2015) Socio-economic factors related with the subjective well-being of the rural elderly people living independently in China. Int J Equity Health 14:5
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Maigeng Zhou and Guijie Luan conceived and designed studies; Peng Yin and Lijun Wang collected the data; Guijie Luan analyzed the data and wrote the paper; Peng Yin revised the methods and manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(PDF 457 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Luan, G., Yin, P., Wang, L. et al. Associations between ambient high temperatures and suicide mortality: a multi-city time-series study in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 20377–20385 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05252-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05252-5