Abstract
Floodplain lakes are valuable to humans because of their various functions and are characterized by dramatic hydrological condition variations. In this study, a two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic and water quality model was applied in a large floodplain lake (i.e., Poyang Lake), to investigate spatial and temporal water quality variations. The model was established based on detailed data such as lake terrain, hydrological, and water quality. Observed lake water level and discharge and water quality parameters (TN, TP, CODMn, and NH4-N) were used to assess model performance. The hydrodynamic model results showed satisfactory results with R2 and MRE values ranging between 0.96 and 0.99 and between 2.45 and 6.14%, respectively, for lake water level simulations. The water quality model basically captured the temporal variations in water quality parameters with R2 of TN, TP, CODMn, and NH4-N simulation ranges of 0.56–0.91, 0.44–0.66, 0.64–0.67, and 0.44–0.57, respectively, with TP of Xingzi Station and CODMn of Duchang Station excluded, which may be further optimized with supplementation of sewage and industrial discharge data. The modeled average TN, TP, CODMn, and NH4-N concentrations across the lake were 1.36, 0.05, 1.99, and 0.48 mg/L, respectively. The modeled spatial variations of the lake showed that the main channel of the lake acted as a main pollutant passageway, and the east part of the lake suffered high level of pollution. In addition, consistent with previous water quality evaluations based on field investigations, water quality was the highest (average TN = 1.35 mg/L) during high water level periods and the poorest (average TN = 1.96 mg/L) during low water level periods. Scenario analysis showed that by decreasing discharge of upstream flow by 20% could result in the increase of TN and TP concentrations by 25.6% and 23.2% respectively. In summary, the model successfully reproduced the complex water and pollutant exchange processes in the systems involving upstream rivers, the Poyang Lake, and the Yangtze River. The model is beneficial for future modeling of the impact of different load reduction and other hydrological regime changes on water quality variation and provides a relevant example for floodplain lake management.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmad S, Khan IH, Parida BP (2001) Performance of stochastic approaches for forecasting river water quality. Water Res 35(18):4261–4266
Association, A. P. H., A. W. W. Association, W. P. C. Federation, W. E. Federation (1915) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, vol 2. American Public Health Association.
Ban X, Yu C, Pan B, Ren X, du Y, Zhang L (2014) Application of the CWQII method and a 2D water quality model to assess diversion schemes for East Lake (Donghu), Wuhan, China. Lake Reservior Manage 30(4):358–370
Beck MB (1987) Water quality modeling: a review of the analysis of uncertainty. Water Resour Res 23(8):1393–1442
Chang F-J, Tsai Y-H, Chen P-A, Coynel A, Vachaud G (2015) Modeling water quality in an urban river using hydrological factors–data driven approaches. J Environ Manag 151:87–96
Chang F-J, Chen P-A, Chang L-C, Tsai YH (2016) Estimating spatio-temporal dynamics of stream total phosphate concentration by soft computing techniques. Sci Total Environ 562:228–236
Chapra S C. Surface water-quality modeling. Waveland press, 2008
Chen J, Zhang J, Luo C et al (2010) Analysis of diversion ratio for downstream of Ganjiang River. Yangtze River 41(6):40-41–40-47
Chinese Environmental Protection Agency (2002) National surface water quality standards of China (GB3838-2002). China Standards Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
DHI (2012) MIKE 21 flow model: user guide. DHI: http://www.mikebydhi.com/pruducts/mike-21
Elshemy M, Khadr M, Atta Y, Ahmed A (2016) Hydrodynamic and water quality modeling of Lake Manzala (Egypt) under data scarcity. Environ Earth Sci 75(19)
Feng L, Hu C, Chen X, Cai X, Tian L, Gan W (2012) Assessment of inundation changes of Poyang Lake using MODIS observations between 2000 and 2010. Remote Sens Environ 121:80–92
Guo H, Hu Q, Zhang Q et al (2012) Effects of the Three Gorges Dam on Yangtze River flow and river interaction with Poyang Lake, China: 2003–2008. J Hydrol 416:19–27
Hager WH, Unger J (2010) Bridge pier scour under flood waves. J Hydraul Eng 136(10):842–847
Hui F, Xu B, Huang H, Yu Q, Gong P (2008) Modelling spatial-temporal change of Poyang Lake using multitemporal Landsat imagery. Int J Remote Sens 29(20):5767–5784
Jarvie HP, Withers PJA, Neal C (2002) Review of robust measurement of phosphorus in river water: sampling, storage, fractionation and sensitivity. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 6(1):113–131
Junk W J, Wantzen K M, The flood pulse concept: new aspects, approaches and applications-an update. In: Second international symposium on the management of large rivers for fisheries, 2004. Food and Agriculture Organization and Mekong River Commission, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 117–149
Karim F, Kinsey-Henderson A, Wallace J, Arthington AH, Pearson RG (2012) Modelling wetland connectivity during overbank flooding in a tropical floodplain in north Queensland, Australia. Hydrol Process 26(18):2710–2723
Kim Y, Kim B (2006) Application of a 2-dimensional water quality model (CE-QUAL-W2) to the turbidity interflow in a deep reservoir (Lake Soyang, Korea). Lake Reservior Manage 22(3):213–222
Kummu M, Tes S, Yin S, Adamson P, Józsa J, Koponen J, Richey J, Sarkkula J (2014) Water balance analysis for the Tonle Sap Lake–floodplain system. Hydrol Process 28(4):1722–1733
Lessels JS, Bishop TFA (2013) Estimating water quality using linear mixed models with stream discharge and turbidity. J Hydrol 498:13–22
Li Y, Zhang Q, Yao J, Werner AD, Li X (2014) Hydrodynamic and hydrological modeling of the Poyang Lake catchment system in China. J Hydrol Eng 19(3):607–616
Li Y, Zhang Q, Werner AD et al (2015) Investigating a complex lake-catchment-river system using artificial neural networks: Poyang Lake (China). Hydrol Res 46(6):912–928
Li B, Yang G, Wan R, Dai X, Zhang Y (2016a) Comparison of random forests and other statistical methods for the prediction of lake water level: a case study of the Poyang Lake in China. Hydrol Res 47(S1):69–83
Li B, Yang G, Wan R, Zhang Y, Dai X, Chen Y (2016b) Spatiotemporal variability in the water quality of Poyang Lake and its associated responses to hydrological conditions. Water 8(7):296
Li Y, Zhang Q, Werner AD, Yao J, Ye X (2017) The influence of river-to-lake backflow on the hydrodynamics of a large floodplain lake system (Poyang Lake, China). Hydrol Process 31(1):117–132
Li B, Yang G, Wan R, Hörmann G (2017a) Dynamic water quality evaluation based on fuzzy matter–element model and functional data analysis, a case study in Poyang Lake. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(23):19138–19148
Li B, Yang G, Wan R, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Dai X (2017b) Using fuzzy theory and variable weights for water quality evaluation in Poyang Lake, China. Chin Geogr Sci 27(1):39–51
Lopes JF, Vaz N, Vaz L, Ferreira JA, Dias JM (2015) Assessing the state of the lower level of the trophic web of a temperate lagoon, in situations of light or nutrient stress: a modeling study. Ecol Model 313:59–76
Michal Backer, Jr. Inc (2013) Quality Assurance Project Plan: Modeling QAPP, Illinois River Watershed Nutrient Modeling Development, Report Prepared for U.S. EPA Region 6, Dallas, TX, 81 pp
Moriasi DN, Arnold JG, Van Liew MW et al (2007) Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations. T Asabe 50(3):885–900
O’Farrell I, Izaguirre I, Chaparro G, Unrein F, Sinistro R, Pizarro H, Rodríguez P, de Tezanos Pinto P, Lombardo R, Tell G (2011) Water level as the main driver of the alternation between a free-floating plant and a phytoplankton dominated state: a long-term study in a floodplain lake. Aquat Sci 73(2):275–287
Paliwal R, Patra RR (2011) Applicability of MIKE 21 to assess temporal and spatial variation in water quality of an estuary under the impact of effluent from an industrial estate. Water Sci Technol 63(9):1932–1943
Pathak D, Whitehead PG, Futter MN, Sinha R (2018) Water quality assessment and catchment-scale nutrient flux modeling in the Ramganga River Basin in north India: an application of INCA model. Sci Total Environ 631-632:201–215
Puig A, Olguin Salinas HF, Borus JA (2016) Relevance of the Parana River hydrology on the fluvial water quality of the Delta Biosphere Reserve. Environ Sci Pollut R 23(12):11430–11447
Rasmussen EK, Petersen OS, Thompson JR, Flower RJ, Ayache F, Kraiem M, Chouba L (2009) Model analyses of the future water quality of the eutrophicated Ghar El Melh lagoon (Northern Tunisia). Hydrobiologia 622:173–193
Santhi C, Arnold JG, Williams JR, Dugas WA, Srinivasan R, Hauck LM (2001) Validation of the swat model on a large RWER basin with point and nonpoint sources. J Am Water Resour Assoc 37(5):1169–1188
Seiler LM, Fernandes EHL, Martins F et al (2015) Evaluation of hydrologic influence on water quality variation in a coastal lagoon through numerical modeling. Ecol Model 314:44–61
Singh J, Knapp HV, Arnold JG, Demissie M (2005) Hydrological modeling of the Iroquois river watershed using HSPF and SWAT. J Am Water Resour Assoc 41(2):343–360
Smith VH, Tilman GD, Nekola JC (1999) Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Environ Pollut 100(1–3):179–196
Tang X, Li H, Xu X et al (2016) Changing land use and its impact on the habitat suitability for wintering Anseriformes in China's Poyang Lake region. Sci Total Environ 557:296–306
Tang C, Yi Y, Yang Z, Zhang S, Liu H (2018) Effects of ecological flow release patterns on water quality and ecological restoration of a large shallow lake. J Clean Prod 174:577–590
Van Liew MW, Veith TL, Bosch DD et al (2007) Suitability of SWAT for the conservation effects assessment project: comparison on USDA Agricultural Research Service watersheds. J Hydrol Eng 12(2):173–189
Wang M, Zhou W, Hu C (2008) Status of nitrogen and phosphorus in waters of Poyang Lake basin, China. J Lake Sci 20:334–338
Wang H, Zhou Y, Tang Y, Wu M, Deng Y (2015) Fluctuation of the water environmental carrying capacity in a huge river-connected Lake. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12(4):3564–3578
Wantzen KM, Rothhaupt K-O, Mörtl M, Cantonati M, G.-Tóth L, Fischer P (2008) Ecological effects of water-level fluctuations in lakes: an urgent issue. Hydrobiologia 613(1):1–4
Warren IR, Bach HK (1992) MIKE 21: a modelling system for estuaries, coastal waters and seas. Environ Softw 7(4):229–240
White MS, Xenopoulos MA, Hogsden K, Metcalfe RA, Dillon PJ (2008) Natural lake level fluctuation and associated concordance with water quality and aquatic communities within small lakes of the Laurentian Great Lakes region. Hydrobiologia 613:21–31
Wu Z, Zhang D, Cai Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Chen Y (2017) Water quality assessment based on the water quality index method in Lake Poyang: the largest freshwater lake in China. Sci Rep 7(1):17999
Xu MJ, Yu L, Zhao YW, Li M, (2012) The Simulation of Shallow Reservoir Eutrophication Based on MIKE21: A Case Study of Douhe Reservoir in North China. Procedia Environmental Sciences 13:1975-1988
Yang G, Zhang Q, Wan R, Lai X, Jiang X, Li L, Dai H, Lei G, Chen J, Lu Y (2016) Lake hydrology, water quality and ecology impacts of altered river-lake interactions: advances in research on the middle Yangtze river. Hydrol Res 47:1–7
Yao X, Wang S, Ni Z, Jiao L (2015) The response of water quality variation in Poyang Lake (Jiangxi, People's Republic of China) to hydrological changes using historical data and DOM fluorescence. Environ Sci Pollut R 22(4):3032–3042
Yao J, Zhang Q, Li Y et al (2016) The influence of uniform winds on hydrodynamics of Lake Poyang. J Lake Sci 28(1):225–236 (in Chinese)
Yao J, Zhang Q, Ye X, Zhang D, Bai P (2018) Quantifying the impact of bathymetric changes on the hydrological regimes in a large floodplain lake: Poyang Lake. J Hydrol 561:711–723
Ye X, Zhang Q, Bai L, Hu Q (2011) A modeling study of catchment discharge to Poyang Lake under future climate in China. Quat Int 244(2):221–229
Zhang Q, Ye X, Werner AD, Li YL, Yao J, Li XH, Xu CY (2014) An investigation of enhanced recessions in Poyang Lake: comparison of Yangtze River and local catchment impacts. J Hydrol 517:425–434
Zhang Y, Liu X, Qin B, Shi K, Deng J, Zhou Y (2016) Aquatic vegetation in response to increased eutrophication and degraded light climate in Eastern Lake Taihu: Implications for lake ecological restoration. Scientific Reports 6 (1)
Zhang T, Ban X, Wang X, Cai X, Li E, Wang Z, Yang C, Zhang Q, Lu X (2017) Analysis of nutrient transport and ecological response in Honghu Lake, China by using a mathematical model. Sci Total Environ 575:418–428
Funding
This work was financially supported by the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant KFZD-SW-318), the National Scientific Foundation of China (Grant 41801092, 41571107, 41601041, and 41701097), and the Key Project of Water Resources Department of Jiangxi Province (Grant KT201503). The authors would also like to thank the editor and reviewers for their extensive work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Responsible editor: Marcus Schulz
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(DOCX 5895 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, B., Yang, G., Wan, R. et al. Hydrodynamic and water quality modeling of a large floodplain lake (Poyang Lake) in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 35084–35098 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3387-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3387-y