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Breakthrough modeling and experimental design for o-xylene dynamic adsorption onto clay material

  • Environmental sustainability and pollution prevention
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Abstract

The adsorption of o-xylene onto raw clay material in a fixed bed using a thermal conductivity detector gas chromatography was investigated. Experimental and theoretical studies were established to evaluate the removal efficiency of o-xylene by adsorption on clay materials and to predict kinetic parameters. Column data were describing at different conditions using Bohart–Adams, Wolborska, Thomas, Yoon and Nelson, dose–response, and bed depth service time models. All used models were satisfactory to predict the breakthrough curves. A suitable advection–dispersion–sorption (ADS) model has been also developed to simulate the measured data, based on the nature of the various equilibrium relationships of solid–gas and diverse descriptions of the mass transfer processes within of the adsorbent particle. The experiments can be fitted with high correlated coefficient R 2 = 0.996.

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Abbreviations

a :

Dose–response constant

a p :

Specific and volumetric surface for spherical particle (m−1)

C 0 :

Inlet o-xylene concentration (g m−3)

C :

Outlet concentration of the solute in the fluid phase at time t (g m−3)

C i :

Concentration of solute in the solid–gas interface (g m−3)

D eff :

Effective coefficient diffusion (m2 min−1)

D ax :

The axial dispersion coefficient (m2 min−1)

d p :

Particle diameter (m)

K BA :

Kinetic constant of Bohat–Adams model (m3 g−1 min−1)

K BDST :

Kinetic constant of BDST model (m3 g−1 min−1)

K C :

Kinetic constant of Clark (m3 g−1 min−1)

k f :

Mass transfer coefficient in the fluid phase (m s−1)

K L :

Langmuir constant

k s :

Mass transfer coefficient in solid phase (m s−1)

K YN :

Kinetic constant of Yoon–Nelson model (min−1)

K Th :

Kinetic constant of Thomas model (m3 g−1 min−1)

L c :

Column length (mm)

m :

Amount of adsorbent in the column (g)

n :

Freundlich constant

N 0 :

Maximum volumetric sorption capacity of bed (g m−3)

Q :

Flow rate (m3 min−1)

q 0 :

Maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)

q :

Average weight of the solute adsorbed at time t, per kg of fresh adsorbent (mg g−1)

q i :

The weight of the solute adsorbed at time t, per kg of fresh adsorbent solid–gas interface (mg g−1)

S :

Cross section of the column (m2)

t :

Time (min)

u :

Linear velocity (m min−1)

v :

Interstitial fluid velocity (m min−1); (\( \mathit{\mathsf{v}}=\frac{\mathit{\mathsf{u}}}{\varepsilon} \))

Z :

Bed height (m)

β a :

The kinetic coefficient of the external mass transfer (min−1)

ρ :

Density of the bed (g m−3)

ε :

Void fraction of the bed

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to PHC Maghreb no. 27959PD for financial support.

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Author notes

  1. Nadim Fakhfakh and Nesrine Dammak contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia

    Nadim Fakhfakh, Nesrine Dammak & Mourad Benzina

  2. Water, Energy and Environment Laboratory, ENIS B.P. W, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia

    Nadim Fakhfakh, Nesrine Dammak & Mourad Benzina

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  1. Nadim Fakhfakh
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  2. Nesrine Dammak
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  3. Mourad Benzina
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Correspondence to Nadim Fakhfakh.

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Fakhfakh, N., Dammak, N. & Benzina, M. Breakthrough modeling and experimental design for o-xylene dynamic adsorption onto clay material. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 18263–18277 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9386-6

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