Abstract
The present study analyzes the effect of parameters that determine the use of the zeolite 5A as collector medium in passive flux samplers (PFS) developed to estimate N2O emissions from livestock buildings. The study analyzes the mass of N2O collected on the zeolite 5A as a function of gas flow rate (40 and 130 ml/min), inlet mass of N2O to the PFS (from 7 to 84 μg), adsorbent mass (4 and 13.6 g), length of the adsorbent bed (1.9 and 10.9 cm), and inlet N2O concentration (0.6 and 2 ppmv). The mass of N2O collected on the zeolite 5A ranged from 1.24 to 6.19 μg of N2O/g of adsorbent, which was mainly affected by inlet N2O concentration and mass of adsorbent contained in the PFS. The mass of N2O collected presented a significant relationship with the inlet N2O concentration and the adsorbent bed. Tests were performed using PFS in a laboratory farm under semi-real conditions. It was found that at sampling time of 1.5 h, the accuracy and precision of PFS was appropriate. Under evaluated conditions, a maximum variation between PFS and direct detection of around 12% was estimated.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berndt A, Tomkins N (2013) Measurement and mitigation of methane emissions from beef cattle in tropical grazing systems: a perspective from Australia and Brazil. Animal 7(s2):363–372
Carmichael GR, Ferm M, Thongboonchoo N, Woo J-H, Chan L, Murano K, Viet PH, Mossberg C, Bala R, Boonjawat J (2003) Measurements of sulfur dioxide, ozone and ammonia concentrations in Asia, Africa, and South America using passive samplers. Atmos Environ 37(9):1293–1308
Cejka J, Van Bekkum H, Corma A, Schueth F (2007) Introduction to zeolite molecular sieves. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Chang H, Wu Z-X, Yao M-S, Guo S-Y (2013) Experimental investigation and modeling of adsorption of carbon dioxide on 5A molecular sieve for helium purification of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. Energy Procedia 39:208–226
Dore C, Jones B, Scholtens R, Huis J, Burgess L, Phillips V (2004) Measuring ammonia emission rates from livestock buildings and manure stores—Part 2: comparative demonstrations of three methods on the farm. Atmos Environ 38(19):3017–3024
FAO (2014) Agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions on the rise. Retrieved February 2014, 2014, from http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/216137/icode/
Flanigen EM (2001) Chapter 2 Zeolites and molecular sieves: an historical perspective. Stud Surf Sci Catal 137:11–35
Godbout S, Phillips V, Sneath R (2006) Passive flux samplers to measure nitrous oxide and methane emissions from agricultural sources, Part 1: adsorbent selection. Biosyst Eng 94(4):587–596
Godbout S, Pelletier F, Palacios J, Feddes J, Larouche J, Belzile M, Fournel S, Lemay S (2012) Greenhouse gas emissions non-cattle confinement buildings: monitoring, emission factors and mitigation, INTECH Open Access Publisher.
Horváth G, Kawazoe K (1983) Method for the calculation of effective pore size distribution in molecular sieve carbon. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 16(6):470–475
Kananpanah S, Ayazi M, Abolghasemi H (2009) Breakthrough curve studies of PUROLITE A-400 in an adsorption column. Petroleum & Coal 51(3):189–192
Larios AD, Brar SK, Ramírez AA, Godbout S, Sandoval-Salas F, Palacios JH (2016) Challenges in the measurement of emissions of nitrous oxide and methane from livestock sector. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 15(2):285–297
Leuning R, Freney J, Denmead O, Simpson J (1985) A sampler for measuring atmospheric ammonia flux. Atmospheric Environment (1967) 19(7):1117–1124
Markes-International (2014) Advise on sorbent selection, tube conditioning, tube storage and air sampling. http://www.selectscience.net/: Select Science. Technical Support. Application Note 005
McClenny WA, Colón M (1998) Measurement of volatile organic compounds by the US Environmental Protection Agency Compendium Method TO-17: evaluation of performance criteria. J Chromatogr A 813(1):101–111
Mihina S (2015) Impact of alternative air exhaustion in housing for poultry on concentration of harmful gases in the air. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal
Mosquera JL (2003) Guidelines for the use of passive flux samplers (PFS) to measure ammonia emissions from mechanically ventilated animal houses, IMAG
Mosquera J, Scholtens R, Ogink N (2003) Using passive flux samplers to determine the ammonia emission from mechanically ventilated animal houses. Proceedings of the 2003 ASAE Annual International Meeting. Las Vegas (USA)
Rapson TD, Dacres H (2014) Analytical techniques for measuring nitrous oxide. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 54:65–74
Rong L, Liu D, Zong C, Zhang G (2014) Ammonia and methane emission from a hybrid ventilated dairy cow building in Denmark. Proceedings of the International Conference of Agricultural Engineering, Zurich
Saha D, Bao Z, Jia F, Deng S (2010) Adsorption of CO2, CH4, N2O, and N2 on MOF-5, MOF-177, and zeolite 5A. Environmental science & technology 44(5):1820–1826
Scholtens R, Hol J, Wagemans M, Phillips V (2003) Improved passive flux samplers for measuring ammonia emissions from animal houses, Part 1: basic principles. Biosyst Eng 85(1):95–100
Sing KS (1985) Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (recommendations 1984). Pure Appl Chem 57(4):603–619
Supelco (2016) Radiello Manual. Fondazione Salvatore MAUGERI-IRCCS. Centro di Ricerche Ambientali. Edition, S. http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/docs/Supelco/Application_Notes/radiello_manual_final.pdf
Uhde E (2009) Application of solid sorbents for the sampling of volatile organic compounds in indoor air. In: Salthammer T, Uhde E (eds) Organic indoor air pollutants: occurrence, measurement, evaluation, second edition. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Acknowledgements
Our sincere thanks go to Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada for the economic support by means of the Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Program (AGGP). The main author would like to thank the Program for the Professional development of Professors (Prodep-Mexico) for the grant to perform the research stage.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Guilherme L. Dotto
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Larios, A.D., Brar, S.K., Ramírez, A.A. et al. Parameters determining the use of zeolite 5A as collector medium in passive flux samplers to estimate N2O emissions from livestock sources. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 12136–12143 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8831-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8831-x