Abstract
Two kinds of pinewood sawdust activated carbon adsorbents were prepared by fast activation with H3PO4 in a spouted bed, and the application in adsorption of copper ions was investigated. With only 3 min of activation time, the BET surface area of activated carbons reached 1537.5 m2/g for impregnation mass ratio of H3PO4 to sawdust at 1:1 and activation temperature of 500 °C (IR1-500), whereas it was 1750.7 m2/g for the impregnation ratio at 4:1 and activation temperature of 800 °C (IR4-800). The pseudo second-order reaction kinetics well describes the experimental adsorption of copper ion in this study, indicating chemisorption dominated in the process. By the C1s spectrum, activated carbons from IR1-500 contained more carboxyl groups (-COOH) and carbonyl groups (C=O), which played an important role in copper ions adsorption. In addition, it was found that the P-containing groups (metaphosphates) also involved in the adsorption of copper ion.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amutio M, Lopez G, Artetxe M (2012) Influence of temperature on biomass pyrolysis in a conical spouted bed reactor. Res Conserv Recycl 59:23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.04.002
Biniak S, Pakuła M, Szymański GS, Świa̧tkowski A (1999) Effect of activated carbon surface oxygen- and/or nitrogen-containing groups on adsorption of copper(II) ions from aqueous solution. Langmuir, 15(18), 6117-6122. https://doi.org/10.1021/la9815704
Budinova T, Ekinci E, Yardim F (2006) Characterization and application of activated carbon produced by H3PO4 and water vapor activation. Fuel Proces Technol 87(10):899–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2006.06.005
Castromuñiz A, Suárezgarcía F, Martínezalonso A, Tascón JM (2011) Activated carbon fibers with a high content of surface functional groups by phosphoric acid activation of ppta. J Colloid Interface Sci 361(1):307–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.064
Demiral H, Güngör C (2016) Adsorption of copper(ii) from aqueous solutions on activated carbon prepared from grape bagasse. J Clean Prod 124:103–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.084
Demirbasa E, Dizgeb N, Sulakb MT, Kobya M (2009) Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium of copper from aqueous solutions using hazelnut shell activated carbon. Chem Eng J 148(2-3):480–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.09.027
Fernandez-Akarregi AR, Makibar J, Lopez G (2013) Design and operation of a conical spouted bed reactor pilot plant (25kg/h) for biomass fast pyrolysis. Fuel Proces Technol 112:48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.02.022
Ferro Garcia MA, Rivera Ultrilla J, Rodriguez Gordillo J, Bautista Toledo I (1988) Adsorption of zinc, cadmium, and copper on activated carbons obtained from agricultural by-products. Carbon 26(3):363–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(88)90228-X
Gang J, Eom Y, Tai GL (2016) Removal of Hg (II) from aquatic environments using activated carbon impregnated with humic acid. J Ind Eng Chem 42:46–52
Gao X, Wu L, Li Z, Xu Q, Tian W, Wang R (2017) Preparation and characterization of high surface area activated carbon from pine wood sawdust by fast activation with H3PO4 in a spouted bed. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-017-0653-x
Guo Y, Rockstraw DA (2007) Physicochemical properties of carbons prepared from pecan shell by phosphoric acid activation. Bioresour Technol 98(8):1513–1521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.06.027
Hadavifar M, Bahramifar N, Younesi H, Rastakhiz M, Li Q, Yu J (2016) Removal of mercury(II) and cadmium(II) ions from synthetic wastewater by a newly synthesized amino and thiolated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Taiwan Inst Chem E 67:397–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2016.08.029
Ho YS, Mckay G (1999) Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes. Process Biochem 34(5):451–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00112-5
Kalavathy MH, Karthikeyan T, Rajgopal S, Miranda LR (2005) Kinetic and isotherm studies of Cu (II) adsorption onto H3PO4-activated rubberwood sawdust. J Colloid Interface Sci 292(2):354–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.087
Macías-García A, Gómez CM, Alfaro DM, Alexandre FM, Martínez NJ (2017) Study of the adsorption and electroadsorption process of Cu (II) ions within thermally and chemically modified activated carbon. J Hazard Mater 328:46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.036
Moreno-Piraja JC, Giraldo L (2010) Adsorption of copper from aqueous solution by activated carbons obtained by pyrolysis of cassava peel. J Anal Appl Pyrol 87(2):188–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2009.12.004
Pagnanelli F, Esposito A, Toro L, Veglio F (2003) Metal speciation and pH effect on Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd biosorption onto sphaerotilus natans: Langmuir-typeempirical model. Water Res 37(3):627–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00358-5
Puziy AM, Poddubnaya OI, Mart’inez-Alonso A, Suárez-García F, JMD T (2003) Synthetic carbons activated with phosphoric acid III. Carbons prepared in air. Carbon 41(6):1181–1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00031-9
Puziy AM, Poddubnaya OI, Mart´ınez-Alonso A, Suárez-Garcı́A F, Tascon JMD (2002) Synthetic carbons activated with phosphoric acid I. Surface chemistry and ion binding properties. Carbon 40:1493-1505
Puziy AM, Poddubnaya OI, Ziatdinov AM (2006) On the chemical structure of phosphorus compounds in phosphoric acid-activated carbon. Appl Surf Sci 252(23):8036–8038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.10.044
Puziy AM, Poddubnaya OI, Socha J, Gurgul RP, Wisniewski M (2008) XPS and NMR studies of phosphoric acid activated carbons. Carbon 46(15):2113–2123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2008.09.010
Rao MM, Ramesh A, Rao GPC, Seshaiah K (2006) Removal of copper and cadmium from the aqueous solutions by activated carbon derived from Ceiba pentandra hulls. J Hazard Mater 129(1-3):123–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.08.018
Shin S, Jang J, Yoon SH, Mochida I (1997) A study on the effect of heat treatment on functional groups of pitch based activated carbon fiber using FTIR. Carbon 35(12):1739–1743. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(97)00132-2
Sun Y, Li H, Li G, Gao B, Yue Q, Li X (2016) Characterization and ciprofloxacin adsorption properties of activated carbons prepared from biomass wastes by H3PO4 activation. Bioresour Technol 217:239–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.047
Terzyk AP (2001) The influence of activated carbon surface chemical composition on the adsorption of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in vitro: part II. TG, FTIR, and XPS analysis of carbons and the temperature dependence of adsorption kinetics at the neutral pH. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 177(1):23–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7757(00)00594-X
Wang XS, Qin Y (2005) Equilibrium sorption isotherms of Cu2+ on rice bran. Process Biochem 40(2):677–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2004.01.043
Wu F, Tseng RL, Juang R (2009) Initial behavior of intra-particle diffusion model used in the description of adsorption kinetic. Chem Eng J 153(1-3):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.04.042
Xu J, Chen L, Qu H (2014) Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from reedy grass leaves by chemical activation with H3PO4. Appl Surf Sci 320:674–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.08.178
Yorgun S, Yıldız D (2015) Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from Paulownia wood by chemical activation with H3PO4. J Taiwan Inst Chem E 53:145–149
Zhang B, Xu P, Qiu Y, Yu Q, Ma J, Wu H, Luo G, Xu M, Yao H (2015) Increasing oxygen functional groups of activated carbon with non-thermal plasma to enhance mercury removal efficiency for flue gases. Chem Eng J 263:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.090
Zhang J, Duan Y, Zhou Q, Zhu C, She M, Ding W (2016) Adsorptive removal of gas-phase mercury by oxygen non-thermal plasma modified activated carbon. Chem Eng J 294:281–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.02.002
Acknowledgements
The research is supported by International Joint Research and Development Project of Tianjin Talent Introduction and Science & Technology Cooperation Plan (14RCGFGX00850). The authors would also like to thank the Beijing Zhongkebaice Technical Service Co., Ltd. for providing the facilities for the experimental measurements.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Guilherme L. Dotto
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gao, X., Wu, L., Xu, Q. et al. Adsorption kinetics and mechanisms of copper ions on activated carbons derived from pinewood sawdust by fast H3PO4 activation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 7907–7915 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-1079-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-1079-7