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Dynamic impact of urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, and trade openness on CO 2 emissions in Nigeria

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Abstract

The objective of this paper is to examine the dynamic impact of urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, and trade openness on CO 2 emissions in Nigeria based on autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) approach for the period of 1971–2011. The result shows that variables were cointegrated as null hypothesis was rejected at 1 % level of significance. The coefficients of long-run result reveal that urbanization does not have any significant impact on CO 2 emissions in Nigeria, economic growth, and energy consumption has a positive and significant impact on CO 2 emissions. However, trade openness has negative and significant impact on CO 2 emissions. Consumption of energy is among the main determinant of CO 2 emissions which is directly linked to the level of income. Despite the high level of urbanization in the country, consumption of energy still remains low due to lower income of the majority populace and this might be among the reasons why urbanization does not influence emissions of CO 2 in the country. Initiating more open economy policies will be welcoming in the Nigerian economy as the openness leads to the reduction of pollutants from the environment particularly CO 2 emissions which is the major gases that deteriorate physical environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Hamisu Sadi Ali & Siong Hook Law

  2. Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Talha Ibrahim Zannah

  3. Department of Agricultural Technology, Ramat Polytechnic, P.M.B 1070, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

    Talha Ibrahim Zannah

Authors
  1. Hamisu Sadi Ali
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  2. Siong Hook Law
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  3. Talha Ibrahim Zannah
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Correspondence to Hamisu Sadi Ali.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Ali, H.S., Law, S.H. & Zannah, T.I. Dynamic impact of urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, and trade openness on CO 2 emissions in Nigeria. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 12435–12443 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6437-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6437-3

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