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Dissipation of available benzo[a]pyrene in aging soil co-contaminated with cadmium and pyrene

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Abstract

A microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the dissipation of available benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in soils co-contaminated with cadmium (Cd) and pyrene (PYR) during aging process. The available residue of BaP in soil was separated into desorbing and non-desorbing fractions. The desorbing fraction contributed more to the dissipation of available BaP than the non-desorbing fraction did. The concentration of bound-residue fraction of BaP was quite low across all treatments. Within the duration of this study (250 days), transformation of BaP from available fractions to bound-residue fraction was not observed. Microbial degradation was the dominant mechanism of the dissipation of available BaP in the soil. The dissipation of available BaP was significantly inhibited with the increment in Cd level in the soil. The addition of PYR (250 mg kg−1) remarkably promoted the dissipation of available BaP without reducing Cd availability in the soil. The calculated half-life of available BaP in the soil prolonged with the increment in Cd level; however, the addition of PYR shortened the half-life of available BaP by 13.1, 12.7, and 32.8 % in 0.44, 2.56, and 22 mg Cd kg−1 soils, respectively. These results demonstrated that the inhibiting effect of Cd and the promoting effect of PYR on the dissipation of available BaP were competitive. Therefore, this study shows that the bioremediation process of BaP can be more complicated in co-contaminated soils.

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Acknowledgments

We appreciate Dr. A Alva, USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA, for technical and language review that helped improve the quality of this paper. This study was financially supported by “863” Target Goal Projects from Ministry of Science of China (#2012AA101405-1), a key project from Ministry of Education of China (#310003), and a project from Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (#2011467057).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Kai Wang, Zhi-qiang Zhu, Ting-qiang Li & Xiao-e Yang

  2. School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818# Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China

    Kai Wang & Xin-xin Chen

  3. Tobacco Production Technology Centre, Bijie Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, 551700, China

    Hua-gang Huang

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  1. Kai Wang
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  2. Xin-xin Chen
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Correspondence to Ting-qiang Li or Xiao-e Yang.

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Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu

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Wang, K., Chen, Xx., Zhu, Zq. et al. Dissipation of available benzo[a]pyrene in aging soil co-contaminated with cadmium and pyrene. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 962–971 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1960-y

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