Abstract
Functional extended redundancy analysis (FERA) was recently developed to integrate data reduction into functional linear models. This technique extracts a component from each of multiple sets of predictor data in such a way that the component accounts for the maximum variance of response data. Moreover, it permits predictor and/or response data to be functional. FERA can be of use in describing overall characteristics of each set of predictor data and in summarizing the relationships between predictor and response data. In this paper, we extend FERA into the framework of generalized linear models (GLM), so that it can deal with response data generated from a variety of distributions. Specifically, the proposed method reduces each set of predictor functions to a component and uses the component for explaining exponential-family responses. As in GLM, we specify the random, systematic, and link function parts of the proposed method. We develop an iterative algorithm to maximize a penalized log-likelihood criterion that is derived in combination with a basis function expansion approach. We conduct two simulation studies to investigate the performance of the proposed method based on synthetic data. In addition, we apply the proposed method to two examples to demonstrate its empirical usefulness.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dauxois, J., Pousse, A., & Romain, Y. (1982). Asymptotic theory for the principal component analysis of a vector random function: some applications to statistical inference. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 12, 136–154.
Davidian, M., Lin, X., & Wang, J.-L. (2004). Introduction: emerging issues in longitudinal and functional data analysis. Statistica Sinica, 14, 613–614.
Febrero-Bande, M., & Oviedo de la Fuente, M. (2012). Statistical computing in functional data analysis: the R package fda.usc. Journal of Statistical Software, 51, 1–28.
Ferraty, F. (2011). Recent advances in functional data analysis and related topics. New York: Springer.
Ferraty, F., Laksaci, A., Tadj, A., & Vieu, P. (2011). Kernel regression with functional response. Electronic Journal of Statistics, 5, 159–171.
Ferraty, F., Mas, A., & Vieu, P. (2007). Nonparametric regression on functional data: inference and practical. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 49, 267–286.
Ferraty, F., & Romain, Y. (2011). The Oxford handbook of functional data analysis. Oxford: University Press.
Ferraty, F., Van Keilegom, I., & Vieu, P. (2012). Regression when both response and predictor are functions. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 109, 10–28.
Ferraty, F., & Vieu, P. (2006). Nonparametric functional data analysis: theory and practice. New York: Springer.
González-Manteiga, W., & Vieu, P. (2007). Statistics for functional data. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 51, 4788–4792.
Green, P.J. (1984). Iteratively reweighted least squares for maximum likelihood estimation, and some robust and resistant alternative (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, 46, 149–192.
Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., & Friedman, J. (2009). The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.
Heyde, C.C. (1997). Quasi-likelihood and its applications. A general approach to optimal parameter estimation. New York: Springer.
Hoerl, A.E., & Kennard, R.W. (1970). Ridge regression: application to nonorthogonal problems. Technometrics, 12, 69–82.
Hwang, H. (2009). Regularized generalized structured component analysis. Psychometrika, 74, 517–530.
Hwang, H., Suk, H.W., Lee, J.-H., Moskowitz, D.S., & Lim, J. (2012). Functional extended redundancy analysis. Psychometrika, 77, 524–542.
Hwang, H., & Tomiuk, M.A. (2010). Fuzzy clusterwise quasi-likelihood generalized linear models. Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, 4, 255–270.
Kreibig, S.D. (2010). Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: a review. Biological Psychology, 84, 394–421.
Le Cessie, S., & Van Houwelingen, J.C. (1992). Ridge estimators in logistic regression. Applied Statistics, 41, 191–201.
Lee, A., & Silvapulle, M. (1988). Ridge estimation in logistic regression. Communications in Statistics. Simulation and Computation, 17, 1231–1257.
Lian, H. (2011). Convergence of functional k-nearest neighbor regression estimate with functional responses. Electronic Journal of Statistics, 5, 31–40.
McCullagh, P. (1983). Quasi-likelihood functions. The Annals of Statistics, 11, 59–67.
McCullagh, P., & Nelder, J.A. (1989). Generalized linear models (2nd ed.). London: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
McLachlan, G., & Peel, D. (2000). Finite mixture models. New York: Wiley.
Nelder, J.A., & Wedderburn, R.W.M. (1972). Generalized linear models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, 135, 370–384.
Ramsay, J.O., & Dalzell, C.J. (1991). Some tools for functional data analysis (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, 53, 539–572.
Ramsay, J.O., Hooker, G., & Graves, S. (2009). Functional data analysis with R and Matlab. New York: Springer.
Ramsay, J.O., & Silverman, B.W. (1997). Functional data analysis (1st ed.). New York: Springer.
Ramsay, J.O., & Silverman, B.W. (2002). Applied functional data analysis: methods and case studies. New York: Springer.
Ramsay, J.O., & Silverman, B.W. (2005). Functional data analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.
Rice, J.A. (2004). Functional and longitudinal data analysis: perspectives on smoothing. Statistica Sinica, 14, 631–647.
Rice, J.A., & Silverman, B.W. (1991). Estimating the mean and covariance structure non-parametrically when the data are curves. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, 53, 233–243.
Richards, F.S.G. (1961). A method of maximum-likelihood estimation. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, 23, 469–475.
Takane, Y., & Hwang, H. (2005). An extended redundancy analysis and its applications to two practical examples. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 49, 785–808.
Valderrama, M.J. (2007). An overview to modelling functional data. Computational Statistics, 22, 331–334.
Wedderburn, R.W.M. (1974). Quasi-likelihood functions, generalized linear models, and the Gauss-Newton method. Biometrika, 61, 439–447.
Wedel, M., & DeSarbo, W.S. (1995). A mixture likelihood approach for generalized linear models. Journal of Classification, 12, 21–55.
Yee, T.W., & Hastie, T.J. (2003). Reduced-rank vector generalized linear models. Statistical Modelling, 3, 15–41.
Yee, T.W., & Wild, C.J. (1999). Vector generalized additive models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, 58, 481–493.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Associate Editor and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The work reported in the paper was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (No. 10630) to the third author, by the International Cooperation Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (2012-K2A1A2033137) to the fourth author, and by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada and Fonds de Recherche sur la Société et la Culture to the fifth author.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hwang, H., Suk, H.W., Takane, Y. et al. Generalized Functional Extended Redundancy Analysis. Psychometrika 80, 101–125 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-013-9373-x
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-013-9373-x