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Feasibility of Using an Enzymatically Activatable Fluorescence Probe for the Rapid Evaluation of Pancreatic Tissue Obtained Using Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration: a Pilot Study

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Abstract

Purpose

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is the most reliable method for the histological diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. Rapid on-site fluorescence-guided histological diagnosis was evaluated by topically applying an enzymatically activatable probe onto the EUS-FNA samples; the probe fluoresces in the presence of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT).

Procedures

We evaluated GGT expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro. EUS-FNA was performed in 10 pancreatic tumors. After topical application of the probe, signal intensity was measured using a fluorescence imaging system for 13 min.

Results

GGT was expressed in Panc-1, AsPC-1, and AR42J, but not in KP4 cells. In samples from six cases, several regions of the specimens fluoresced and contained adequate tissue for pathological diagnosis. The remaining four non-fluorescent samples contained very small amounts of carcinoma, normal epithelial cells, or no epithelial cells. The signal intensity at 5 min was 25.5 ± 7.7 and 7.7 ± 0.5 in fluorescent and non-fluorescent regions, respectively (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Application of enzymatically activatable probe onto EUS-FNA samples would be feasible for the rapid evaluation of tissues suitable for histological diagnosis.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Pancreas Research Foundation of Japan (K.K.).

Compliance with Ethical Standards

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita15 Nishi7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan

    Kazumichi Kawakubo, Shunsuke Ohnishi, Hidetaka Hosono, Yoshimasa Kubota, Masaki Kuwatani, Hiroshi Kawakami & Naoya Sakamoto

  2. Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan

    Yutaka Hatanaka & Kanako C. Hatanaka

  3. Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Mako Kamiya & Yasuteru Urano

Authors
  1. Kazumichi Kawakubo
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  2. Shunsuke Ohnishi
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  3. Yutaka Hatanaka
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  4. Kanako C. Hatanaka
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  5. Hidetaka Hosono
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  6. Yoshimasa Kubota
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  7. Mako Kamiya
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  8. Masaki Kuwatani
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  9. Hiroshi Kawakami
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  10. Yasuteru Urano
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  11. Naoya Sakamoto
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Shunsuke Ohnishi or Yasuteru Urano.

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Kawakubo, K., Ohnishi, S., Hatanaka, Y. et al. Feasibility of Using an Enzymatically Activatable Fluorescence Probe for the Rapid Evaluation of Pancreatic Tissue Obtained Using Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration: a Pilot Study. Mol Imaging Biol 18, 463–471 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-015-0898-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-015-0898-5

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