Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Performance differences among ex situ native-provenance collections of Pinus radiata D. Don. 1: potential for infusion into breeding populations in Australia and New Zealand

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Tree Genetics & Genomes Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Growth and form traits from a series of three provenance trials of Pinus radiata D. Don planted in New Zealand and Australia were analysed at age 9 years from planting. The trials included selections from three mainland California natural populations—Año Nuevo, Monterey and Cambria. Monterey and Cambria performed better than Año Nuevo at two New Zealand sites, but Monterey and Año Nuevo were almost identical in growth, whereas Cambria grew less vigorously at the Australian site. We detected significant provenance differences for diameter at breast height (DBH) growth and stem straightness across countries (p < 0.001). Estimated heritability for DBH ranged from 0.19 to 0.26 within sites, while heritability estimates for stem straightness and branching frequency ranged from 0.10 to 0.24. Estimated type B genetic correlations for DBH were always higher between the two trials in New Zealand trials than between pairs of trials in New Zealand and the Australian site. The genetic coefficient of variation (CVA) for DBH was around 8–10% compared to ca. 5% for the current breeding population. These results suggested that there is appreciable genetic variation in the native populations, and infusion of these materials would increase the genetic variation in current breeding populations. Ten unrelated parents ranked above control seedlots from the older open-pollinated seed orchard stock for DBH growth and would be potential candidates for infusion. The promising performance of the Cambria material is an important result because the genetic base of the present Australian and New Zealand plantations is principally derived from Año Nuevo and Monterey.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • ABARE (2009) Australian forest and wood products statistics, September and December quarters 2008, Canberra, May 2009. Available at: http://www.abare.gov.au/publications_html/afwps/afwps_09/afwps_may09.pdf

  • Ades PK, Simpson JA (1991) Variation in susceptibility to Dothistroma needle blight among provenances of Pinus radiate var. radiata. Silvae Genet 40:6–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon (2006) New Zealand forest industry facts and figures 2005/2006. New Zealand Forest Owners Association, Wellington, New Zealand. www.nzfoa.org.nz or www.nzforestry.co.nz

  • Baltunis BS, Wu HX, Powell BM (2007) Inheritance of density, microfibril angle, and modulus of elasticity in juvenile wood of Pinus radiata. Can J For Res 37:2164–2174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baltunis BS, Gapare WJ, Wu HX (2010) Genetic parameters and genotype by environment interaction in radiata pine for growth and wood quality traits in Australia. Silvae Genet 59:113–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Brisbane JR, Gibson JP (1995) Balancing selection response and rate of inbreeding by including genetic relationships in selection decisions. Theor Appl Genet 91:421–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulman LS, Gadgil PD, Kershaw DJ, Ray JW (2004) Assessment and control of Dothistroma needle-blight. New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Forest Research Bulletin No. 229. New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Rotorua

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulmer M (1971) Effect of selection on genetic variability. Am Nat 105:201–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burdon RD (1977) Genetic correlation as a concept for studying genotype–environment interaction in forest tree breeding. Silvae Genet 26:168–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Burdon RD (1992) Genetic survey of Pinus radiata. 9: general discussion and implications for genetic management. NZ J For Sci 22:274–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Burdon RD, Bannister MH (1973) Provenances of Pinus radiata: their early performance and silvicultural potential. N Z J For 18:217–232

    Google Scholar 

  • Burdon RD, Bannister MH, Madgwick HAI, Low CA (1992a) Genetic survey of Pinus radiata. 1. Introduction, description of experiment and basic methodology. NZ J For Sci 22:119–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Burdon RD, Bannister MH, Low CA (1992b) Genetic survey of Pinus radiata. 2. Population comparisons for growth rate, disease resistance and morphology. NZ J For Sci 22:138–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Burdon RD, Bannister MH, Low CA (1992c) Genetic survey of Pinus radiata. 3. Variance structures and narrow-sense heritabilities for growth variables and morphological traits in seedlings. NZ J For Sci 22:160–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Burdon RD, Bannister MH, Low CA (1992d) Genetic survey of Pinus radiata. 5. Between-trait and age–age correlations for growth rate, morphology and disease resistance. NZ J For Sci 22:211–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Burdon RD, Firth A, Low CB, Miller MA (1998) Multi-site provenance trials of Pinus radiata in New Zealand. Forest Genetic Resources No. 26. FAO, Rome, pp 3–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Burdon RD, Carson MJ, Shelbourne CJA (2008) Achievement in forest tree improvement in Australia and New Zealand 10. Pinus radiata in New Zealand. Aust For 71:263–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Carson SD (1989) Selecting radiata pine for resistance to Dothistroma needle blight. NZ J For Sci 19:3–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Comstock RE, Moll RH (1963) Genotype–environment interactions. In: Hanson RE, Robinson HF (eds) Statistical genetics and plant breeding. NAS-NRC Pub. 982. NAS-NRC, Washington, DC, pp 164–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa E, Silva J, Borralho NM, Potts BM (2004) Additive and non-additive genetic parameters from clonally replicated and seedling progenies of Eucalyptus globulus. Theor Appl Genet 108:1113–1119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cotterill PP, Dean CA, van Wyk G (1987) Additive and dominance genetic effects in Pinus pinaster, P. radiata and P. elliottii and some implications for breeding strategy. Silvae Genet 36:221–232

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotterill PP, Dean CA, Cameron J, Brindbergs M (1989) Nucleus breeding: a new strategy for rapid improvement under clonal forestry. In: Gibson GL, Griffin AR, Matheson AC (eds) Breeding tropical trees: population structure and genetic improvement strategies in clonal and seedling forestry. Oxford Forestry Institute, Oxford, pp 175–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Dungey HS, Brawner JT, Burger F, Carson M, Henson M, Jefferson P, Matheson AC (2009) A new breeding strategy for Pinus radiata in New Zealand and New South Wales. Silvae Genet 58:28–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Eldridge KG (1978) Refreshing the genetic resources of radiata pine plantations. Division of Forrest Research: Genetics Section Report Number 7 CSIRO, pp 1–120

  • Eldridge KG (1997) Genetic resources of radiata pine in New Zealand and Australia. In: Burdon RD, Moore JM (eds) Proceedings of the NZFRI—IUFRO conference: IUFRO ’97 genetics of radiata pine, 1–4 December 1997. New Zealand Forest Research Institute, FRI Bull. No. 203. New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Rotorua

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson G, Namkoong G, Roberds JH (1993) Dynamic gene conservation for uncertain futures. For Ecol Manag 62:15–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gapare WJ, Hodge GR, Dvorak WS (2001) Genetic parameters and provenance variation of Pinus maximinoi in Brazil, Colombia and South Africa. For Genet 8:159–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Gapare WJ, Ivković M, Baltunis BS, Matheson CA, Wu HX (2010) Genetic stability of wood density and diameter in Pinus radiata D. Don plantation estate across Australia. Tree Genet Genom 6:113–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilmour AR, Gogel BJ, Cullis BR, Thompson R (2005) ASReml user guide release 2.0. VSN International, Hemel Hempstead, 267 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Gwaze DP, Wooliams JA, Kanowski PJ (1997) Genetic parameters for height and stem straightness in Pinus taeda Linnaeus in Zimbabwe. For Genet 3:159–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodge GR, Dvorak WS (1999) Genetic parameters and provenance variation of Pinus tecunumanii in 78 International trials. For Genet 6:157–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayawickrama KJS (2001) Genetic parameter estimates for radiata pine in New Zealand and New South Wales: a synthesis of results. Silvae Genet 50:45–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayawickrama KJS, Carson MJ (2000) A breeding strategy for the New Zealand radiata pine breeding cooperative. Silvae Genet 49(2):82–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayawickrama KJS, Carson MJ, Jefferson PA, Firth A (1997) Development of the New Zealand radiata pine breeding population. In: Burdon RD, Moore JM (eds) Proceedings of the NZFRI—IUFRO conference: IUFRO ’97 genetics of radiata pine, 1–4 December 1997. New Zealand Forest Research Institute, FRI Bull. No. 203. New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Rotorua

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson IG (1992) Family-site interactions in radiata pine families in New South Wales, Australia. Silvae Genet 41:55–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson GR, Burdon RD (1990) Family–site interaction in Pinus radiata: implications for progeny testing strategy and regionalized breeding in New Zealand. Silvae Genet 39:55–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson IG, Ades PK, Eldridge KG (1997) Growth of natural Californian provenances of Pinus radiata in New South Wales, Australia. NZ J For Sci 27:23–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenward MG, Roger JH (1997) Small sample inference for fixed effects estimators from restricted maximum likelihood. Biometrics 53:983–997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King JN, Burdon RD, Wilcox MD (1993) Provenance variation in New-Zealand-grown Eucalyptus delegatensis, 1: growth rates and form. NZ J For Sci 23:298–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S (2004) Genetic parameter estimates for wood stiffness, strength, internal checking, and resin bleeding for radiata pine. Can J For Res 34:2601–2610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Burdon RD, Stovold GT (2008) Wood properties and stem diameter of Pinus radiata in New Zealand: clonal and seedling material. NZ J For Sci 38:88–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Low CB, Burdon RD (2009) Across-sites genetic parameters for internode-length variables in Pinus radiata assessed by laser measurements. NZ J For Sci 39:99–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis NB, Fergusson IS (1993) Management of radiata pine. Inkata, Sydney, 404 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Li L, Wu HX (2005) Efficiency of early selection for rotation-aged growth and wood density traits in Pinus radiata. Can J For Res 35:2019–2029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matheson AC, Raymond CA (1984) The impact of genotype × environment interactions on Australian Pinus radiata breeding programs. Aust For Res 14:11–25

    Google Scholar 

  • McKeand S, Li B, Hatcher AV, Weir RJ (1990) Stability parameter estimates for stem volume for loblolly pine families growing in different regions in the southeastern USA. For Sci 36:10–17

    Google Scholar 

  • McKeand S, Jokela E, Huber DA, Byram T, Allen L, Li B, Mullin T (2006) Performance of improved genotypes of loblolly pine across different soils, climates and silvicultural input. For Ecol Manag 227:178–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moran GF, Bell JC (1987) The origin and genetic diversity of Pinus radiata in Australia. Theor Appl Genet 73:616–622

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Namkoong G, Kang HC, Brouard JS (1988) Tree breeding: principles and strategies. Springer, New York, 180 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholas FW (1987) Veterinary genetics. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 580 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyoka BI, Birks JS, Gumbie CM (1994) Pinus patula progeny test: heritability estimates and genetic correlations between fifth- and eighty-year traits. South Afr For J 168:23–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell MB, McRae TA, Wu HX, Dutkowski GW, Pilbeam DJ (2004) Breeding strategy for Pinus radiata in Australia. 2004 IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2: forest genetics and tree breeding in the age of genomics: progress and future. Charleston, South Carolina, USA, 1–5 November, 2004

  • Pswarayi IZ, Barnes RD, Birks JS, Kanowski PJ (1997) Genotype–environment interactions in a population of Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii. Silvae Genet 46:35–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1995) Biometry, 3rd edn. Freeman, New York, 887 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • White T (1992) Advanced-generation breeding populations: size and structure. In: Breeding tropical trees: resolving tropical forest resource concerns through tree improvement, gene conservation and domestication of new species. Proceedings of IUFRO meeting, Cartegena and Cali, Colombia, 9–18 Oct. 1992

  • Whyte AGD (1976) Spraying pine plantations with fungicides—the manager’s dilemma. For Ecol Manag 1:7–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu HX, Matheson AC (2002) Quantitative genetics of growth and form traits in radiata pine. CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products Technical Report No. 138 and Southern Tree Breeding Association Technical Report TR2002-01, 133 pp

  • Wu HX, Matheson AC (2005) Genotype by environment interaction in an Australia-wide radiata pine diallel mating experiment: implications for regionalized breeding. For Sci 5:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu HX, Yang JL, McRae TA, Powell MB (2004) Breeding for wood quality and profits with radiata pine, 1: MOE prediction and genetic correlation between early growth, density, microfibril angle and rotation-age MOE. In: Proceedings of wood quality 2004: practical tools & new technologies to improve segregation of logs and lumber for processing. Albury

  • Wu HX, Eldridge KG, Matheson AC, Powell MB, McRae TA (2007) Achievement in forest tree improvement in Australia and New Zealand: successful introduction and breeding of radiata pine to Australia. Aust For 70:215–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu HX, Ivković M, Gapare WJ, Baltunis BS, Powell MB, McRae TA (2008) Breeding for wood quality and profit in radiata pine: a review of genetic parameters. NZ J For Sci 38:56–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamada Y (1962) Genotype by environment interaction and genetic correlation of the same trait under different environments. Jpn J Genet 37:498–509

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was jointly funded by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Forest and Wood Products Australia, Radiata Pine Breeding Coop and the Southern Tree Breeding Association. Thanks are extended to a large number of people who assisted at various stages of the work, backdating to 1978, especially Dr K. G. Eldridge. We are also grateful to invaluable suggestions made by Dr. Rowland Burdon and anonymous reviewers which substantially improved the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

    Washington J. Gapare, Brian S. Baltunis, Miloš Ivković & Harry X. Wu

  2. Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd), Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand

    Charlie B. Low

  3. Radiata Pine Breeding Company Ltd., P.O. Box 1127, Rotorua, New Zealand

    Paul Jefferson

Authors
  1. Washington J. Gapare
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Brian S. Baltunis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Miloš Ivković
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Charlie B. Low
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Paul Jefferson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Harry X. Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Washington J. Gapare.

Additional information

Communicated by D. Grattapaglia

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gapare, W.J., Baltunis, B.S., Ivković, M. et al. Performance differences among ex situ native-provenance collections of Pinus radiata D. Don. 1: potential for infusion into breeding populations in Australia and New Zealand. Tree Genetics & Genomes 7, 409–419 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-010-0343-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-010-0343-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation