Skip to main content
Log in

Multi-access Management in Heterogeneous Networks

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Communication networks and mobile devices integrate an increasing number of access technologies. At the same time, new business roles emerge, which lead to new cooperation schemes between access providers providing different types of access connectivity. As a result, a variety of access technologies will be available for users at the same time. In this article we present an architecture and a framework capable of integrating different access systems into a multi-access system and selecting the best suited access for users. A utility-based approach is proposed for the evaluation of different access allocation choices, which is based on user and network policies, the performance of access bearers, and the availability of access resources. We present a general multi-access management framework, which integrates the different multi-access related functions: access detection, access evaluation and access selection, which can then lead to an access handover.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Prytz, M., Karlsson, P., Cedervall, C., Bria, A., & Karla, I. (2006). Infrastructure cost benefits of ambient networks multi-radio access. In Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC). Spring.

  2. Johansson, K., Furuskär, A., Karlsson, P., & Zander, J. (2004). Relation between base station characteristics and cost structure in cellular systems. In Proceedings of IEEE Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Communications (PIMRC).

  3. Cedervall, C., Karlsson, P., Prytz, M., Hultell, J., Markendahl, J., Bria, A., Rietkerk, O., & Karla, I. (2005). Initial findings on business roles, relations and cost savings enabled by multi-radio access architecture in ambient networks. In Proceedings of the 14th Wireless World Research Forum.

  4. Furuskär, A., Almgren, M., & Johansson, K. (2005). An infrastructure cost evaluation of single- and multi-access networks with heterogeneous traffic density. In Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC). Spring.

  5. Johansson, K., & Furuskär, A. (2005). Cost efficient capacity expansion strategies using multi-access networks. In Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC). Spring.

  6. Johansson, K. (2005). Cost efficient provisioning of wireless access: infrastructure cost modelling and multi-operator resource sharing. Licentiate Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), ISSN 1400-9137.

  7. Gustafsson E., Jonsson A. (2003). Always best connected. IEEE Wireless Communications, 10, 49–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. 3GPP TR 23.882. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; 3GPP System Architecture Evolution: Report on Technical Options and Conclusions (Release 7); V1.6.1; November 2006.

  9. IEEE 802.21. Draft IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Media Independent Handover Services; D02.00; September 2006.

  10. Niebert N., Schieder A., Abramowicz H., Malmgren G., Sachs J., Horn U., Prehofer C., Karl H. (2004). Ambient networks—an architecture for communication networks beyond 3G. IEEE Wireless Communications, 11, 14–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Viktorsson, O. (2004). Business Aspects and Requirements on Ambient Networks. Presented at the 1st Symposium of the Wireless World Initiative (WWI), Brussels, Belgium, 9–10 December, 2004. http://www.wireless-world-initiative.org/ (accessed 14 Feb. 2007).

  12. Markendahl, J., Johnsson, M., & Karlsson, P. (2006). Business opportunities and regulatory issues of Ambient Networks. In Proceedings of 17th European Regional ITS Conference. Amsterdam, Netherlands, August 22–24, 2006.

  13. Markendahl, J., & Johnsson, M. (2006). Ambient networking and related business concepts as support for regulatory initiatives and competition. In Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Telecommunication and Techno-Economics (CTTE). Athens, 8–9 June 2006.

  14. Rietkerk, O., Huitema, G., & Markendahl, J. (2006). Business roles enabled by Ambient Networking to provide access for anyone to any network and service. Presented at Helsinki Mobility Roundtable, Helsinki, Finland, 1–2 June 2006.

  15. Markendahl, J., Poyhoenen, P., Strandberg, O., & Laganier, J. (2006). Business implications of AN composition framework. Presented at Helsinki Mobility Roundtable, Helsinki, Finland, 1–2 June 2006.

  16. Ambient Networks. (2006) Ambient Networks Draft System Description. Public project deliverable D7-A.2, December 2006. http://www.ambient-networks.org..

  17. 3GPP TS 23.401. (2007). 3GPP System Architecture Evolution: GPRS enhancements for LTE access (Release 8); V0.1.0; January 2007.

  18. 3GPP TS 23.402. (2007). 3GPP System Architecture Evolution: Architecture Enhancements for non-3GPP accesses (Release 8); V0.1.0; January 2007.

  19. Ambient Networks. (2006). Multi-Access & ARI design and Initial Specification. Public project deliverable D2-C.1, December 2006. http://www.ambient-networks.org..

  20. Sachs, J., Agüero, R., Daoud, K., Gebert, J., Koudouridis, G. P., Meago, F., Prytz, M., Rinta-Aho, T., & Tang, H. (2007). Generic abstraction of access performance and resources for multi-radio access management. In Proceedings of the 16th IST Mobile & Wireless Communications Summit. Budapest, Hungary, 1–5 July 2007.

  21. 3GPP TS 23.107. (2006). 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Quality of Service (QoS) concept and architecture (Release 6), V6.4.0; March 2006.

  22. 3GPP TS 23.203. (2006). 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Policy and charging control architecture (Release 7); V7.1.0; December 2006.

  23. 3GPP TS 23.207. (2005). 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; End-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) concept and architecture (Release 6), V6.6.0; September 2005.

  24. Ludwig, R., Ekström, H., Willars, P., & Lundin, N. (2006). An evolved 3GPP QoS concept. In Proceedings of the 63rd Vehicular Technology Conference Spring. Melbourne, Australia, 7–10 May, 2006.

  25. Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F., & Black, D. (1998). Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers. IETF RFC 2474, December 1998.

  26. Braden, R., Zhang, L., Berson, S., Herzog, S., & Jamin, S. (1997). Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP). IETF RFC 2205, September 1997.

  27. Hancock, R., Karagiannis, G., Loughney, J., & Van den Bosch, S. (2005). Next Steps in Signaling (NSIS): Framework. IETF RFC 4080, June 2005.

  28. 3GPP TS 29.060. (2006). 3GPP Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) across the Gn and Gp interface (Release 7); V7.4.0; December 2006.

  29. Perkins, C. (2002). IP Mobility Support for IPv4. IETF RFC 3344, August 2002.

  30. Johnson, D., Perkins, C., & Arkko, J. (2004). Mobility Support in IPv6. IETF RFC 3775, June 2004.

  31. Levkowetz, H., Giaretta, G., Leung, K., Liebsch, M., Roberts, P., Nishida, K., Yokota, H., & Parthasarathy, M. (2006). The NetLMM Protocol. IETF work in progress, draft-giaretta-netlmm-dt-protocol-02, October 5, 2006.

  32. Gundavelli, S., Leung, K., Devarapalli, V., Chowdhury, K., & Patil, B. (2007). Proxy Mobile IPv6. IETF work in progress, draft-sgundave-mip6-proxymip6–02, March 05, 2007.

  33. Bedekar, A., Singh, A., Kumar, V., & Kalyanasundaram, S. (2007). A Protocol for Network-based Localized Mobility Management. IETF work in progress, draft-singh-netlmm-protocol-02, March 05, 2007.

  34. Rosen, E., Viswanathan, A., & Callon, R. (2001). Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture. IETF RFC 3032, January 2001.

  35. Farinacci, D., Li, T., Hanks, S., Meyer, D., & Traina, P. (2000). Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE). IETF RFC 2784, March 2000.

  36. Kent, S., & Seo, K. (2005). Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol. IETF RFC 4301, December 2005.

  37. Ekström H., Furuskär A., Karlsson J., Meyer M., Parkvall S., Torsner J., Wahlqvist M. (2006). Technical Solutions for the 3G Long-Term Evolution. IEEE Communications. Magazine, 44, 38–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. 3GPP TR 25.913. (2006). Requirements for Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) and Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) (Release 7); March 2006.

  39. 3GPP TS 43.318. (2006). 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network; Generic access to the A/Gb interface; Stage 2 (Release 7); V7.0.0; November 2006.

  40. 3GPP TS 23.234. (2006). 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; 3GPP system to Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) interworking; System description (Release 7); V7.4.0; December 2006.

  41. Gunnar, A., Ahlgren, B., Blume, O., Burness, L., Eardley, P., Hepworth, E., Surtees, A., & Sachs, J. (2007). Access and path selection in ambient networks. In Proceedings of the 16th IST Mobile & Wireless Communications Summit. Budapest, Hungary, 1–5 July 2007.

  42. Sachs, J., Khurana, B. S., & Mähönen, P. (2006). Evaluation of handover performance for TCP Traffic based on generic link layer context transfer. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). Helsinki, Finland, 11–14 September 2006.

  43. Sachs, J., Kampmann, M., Lundsjö, J., Meago, F., Rinta-Aho, T., & Tharon, B. (2006). Continuous connectivity in ambient networks. In Proceedings of the IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit. Myconos, Greece, 4–8 June 2006.

  44. 3GPP TR 22.980. (2006). 3GPP Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Network composition feasibility study (Release 8); V1.0.0; October 2006.

  45. Kappler C., Poyhonen P., Johnsson M., Schmid S. (2007). Dynamic network composition for beyond 3G networks: a 3GPP viewpoint. IEEE Network, 21, 47–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Ambient Networks. (2005). Multi-Radio Access Architecture. Technical Report D2–4. December 2005. http://www.ambient-networks.org/ (accessed Dec. 2006).

  47. Lundsjö, J., Agüero, R., Alexandri, E., Berggren, F., Cedervall, C., Dimou, K., Gebert, J., Jennen, R., Jorguseski, L., Karimi, H.R., Meago, F., Tang, H., & Veronesi, R. (2005). Multi-radio access architecture for ambient networking. In Proceedings of the IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit. June 19–23, 2005.

  48. Sachs, J., Agüero, R., Berg, M., Gebert, J., Jorguseski, L., Karla, I., Karlsson, P., Koudouridis, G. P., Lundsjö, J., Prytz, M., & Strandberg, O. (2006). Migration of existing access networks towards multi-radio access. In Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) Fall. Montreal, Canada, 25–28 September 2006.

  49. Magnusson, P., Lundsjö, J., Sachs, J., & Wallentin, P. (2004). Radio resource management distribution in a Beyond 3G Multi-Radio Access Architecture. In Proceedings of the IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom). Dallas, USA, Nov. 29–Dec. 3, 2004.

  50. Tuttlebee W.H.W. (1999). Software-defined radio: Facets of a developing technology. IEEE Personal Communications, 6, 38–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Johnsson, M., Sachs, J., Rinta-Aho, T., & Jokikyyny, T. (2006). Ambient networks—a framework for multi-access control in heterogeneous networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) Fall. Montreal, Canada, 25–28 September 2006.

  52. Agüero, R, Surtees, A., Eisl, J., Georgiades, M. (2007). Mobility Management in Ambient Networks. In Proceedings of the Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC). Spring, Dublin, Ireland, 23–25. Apr, 2007.

  53. Ambient Networks. (2006). Mobility Support: Design and Specification. Public project deliverable D9-B.1, December 2006. http://www.ambient-networks.org..

  54. Koudouridis, G. P., Agüero, R., Alexandri, E., Berg, M., Bria, A., Gebert, J., Jorguseski, L., Karimi, H. R., Karla, I., Karlsson, P., Lundsjö, J., Magnusson, P., Meago, F., Prytz, M., & Sachs J. (2005). Feasibility Studies and Architecture for Multi-Radio Access in Ambient Networks. In Proceedings of the 15th Wireless World Research Forum Meeting, 8–9 December 2005, Paris, France.

  55. Koo I., Furuskär A., Zander J., Kim K. (2004). Erlang capacity of multiaccess systems with service-based access selection. IEEE Communication Letters, 8, 662–664

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Furuskär, A., Pettersson, J., Simonsson, A., & Yilmaz, O. (2005). Access selection in WCDMA and WLAN multi-access networks. In Proceedings Vehicular Technology Conference, May 30–June 1, 2005.

  57. Furuskär, A. (2003). Radio Resource Sharing and Bearer Service Allocation for Multi-Bearer Service, Multi-Access Wireless Networks. PhD Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), ISSN 1400-9137.

  58. Hultell, J. (2007). Access Selection in Multi-System Architectures. Licentiate Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), ISSN 1653-6347.

  59. Baraev, A., Jorguseski, L., & Litjens, R. (2005). Performance Evaluation of Radio Access Selection Procedures in Multi-Radio Access Systems. In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC) 2005. Aalborg, Denmark, September 17–22, 2005.

  60. Magnusson, P., Berggren, F., Karla, I., Litjens, R., Meago, F., Tang, H., & Veronesi, R. (2005). Multi-radio resource management for communication networks beyond 3G. In Proceedings of the 62nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) Fall.

  61. Berggren, F., & Litjens, R. (2006). Performance Analysis of Access Selection and Transmit Diversity in Multi-Access Networks. In Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom).

  62. Fodor, G., Furuskär, A., & Lundsjö, J. (2004). On access selection techniques in always best connected networks. In Proceedings of the 16th ITC Specialist Seminar, Antwerp, 2004.

  63. Sachs, J., & Magnusson, P. (2007). Assessment of the Access Selection Gain in Multi-Radio Access Networks. European Transactions on Telecommunications. doi:10.1002/eff.1254

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joachim Sachs.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sachs, J., Prytz, M. & Gebert, J. Multi-access Management in Heterogeneous Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 48, 7–32 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-007-9431-8

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-007-9431-8

Keywords

Navigation