Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Synergism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (LSE-2) nodule endophyte with Bradyrhizobium sp. (LSBR-3) for improving plant growth, nutrient acquisition and soil health in soybean

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study was aimed to assess the scope of native potential endophyte Pseudomonas aeruginosa (LSE-2) strain (KX925973) with recommended Bradyrhizobium sp. (LSBR-3) (KF906140) for synergistic effect to develop as consortium biofertilizer of soybean. A total of 28 non-rhizobial endophytic bacteria were isolated from cultivated and wild sp. of soybean. All isolates were screened for multifarious PGP traits viz. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), phosphate (P) and zinc (Zn) solubilization, siderophore, cell wall degrading enzymes and pathogenicity. Compatible of LSBR-3 and LSE-2 enhanced IAA, P-solubilization, 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylate deaminase and biofilm formation over the single inoculant treatment. Further, consortium was evaluated in vivo for growth, symbiotic traits, nutrient acquisition, soil quality parameters and yield attributes of soybean. Improvement in growth parameters were recorded with dual inoculant LSBR-3 + LSE-2 as compared to LSBR-3 alone and un-inoculated control treatments. Significantly (p ≥ 0.05) high symbiotic and soil quality parameters (phosphatase and soil dehydrogenase activity) was recorded with LSBR-3 + LSE-2 at vegetative and flowering stage as compared to LSBR-3 alone and un-inoculated control treatments. Single inoculation of LSBR-3 improved grain yield by 4.25% over the un-inoculated control treatment, further, enhancement in yield was recorded with consortium inoculant (LSBR-3 and LSE-2) by 3.47% over the LSBR-3 alone. Application of consortium inoculant (LSBR-3 + LSE-2) gave an additional income of Rs. 5089/ha over the un-inoculated control treatment. The results, thus strongly suggest that endophytic diazotroph LSE-2 can be used as potent bio-inoculant along with LSBR-3 as bio-enhancer for improving soybean productivity in a sustainable system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbasi MK, Manzoor M, Tahir MM (2010) Efficiency of Rhizobium inoculation and P fertilization in enhancing nodulation, seed yield and phosphorous use efficiency by field grown soybean under hilly region of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pak J Plant Nut 33:1080–1102

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad F, Ahmad I, Atlaf MM, Khan MS, Shouche Y (2016) Characterization of Paenibacillus durus (PNF16) a new isolate and its synergistic interaction with other isolated rhizobacteria in promoting growth and yield of chickpea. J Microbiol Biotech Food Sci 5:345–350

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Appunu C, Sen D, Dhar B (2005) Acid and aluminium tolerance of Bradyrhizobium isolates from traditional soybean growing areas of India. Ind J Agric Sci 75:727–728

    Google Scholar 

  • Argaw A (2012) Evaluation of co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and phosphate solubilizing Pseudomonas sp. effect on soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr.) in Assossa area. J Agri Sci Tech 14:213–224

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ariffin H, Abdullah NK, Umi Y, Shirai Y, Hassan MA (2006) Production and characterization by Bacillus pumilus EB3. Int J Engg Sci Technol 3:47–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Arora DK (2007) Microbial identification modules for some agriculturally important microorganism. National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism (NBAIM), Mau, pp 97–1107

    Google Scholar 

  • Arora S, Patel PN, Vanza MJ, Rao GG (2014) Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria colonizing halophyte and other salt tolerant plant species from coastal Gujarat. Afri J Microbiol Res 8:1779–1788

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakker AW, Schippers B (1987) Microbial cyanide production in the rhizosphere in relation to potato yield reduction and Pseudomonas sp. mediated plant growth stimulation. Soil Biol Biochem 19:415–457

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhagat D, Sharma P, Sirari A, Kumawat KC (2014) Screening of Mesorhizobium sp. for control of Fusarium wilt in chickpea in vitro conditions. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 3:923–930

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt P, Chandra R (2014) Inoculation Effect of Mesorhizobium ciceri and rhizospheric bacteria on nodulation and productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and soil health. Ind J Plant Soil 1:5–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Cakmak I (2008) Zinc deficiency in wheat in Turkey. In: Alloway BJ (ed) Micronutrient deficiencies in global crop production. Springer, Berlin, pp 181–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaiharn M, Chunhaleuchanon S, Kozo A, Lumyong S (2008) Screening of rhizobacteria for their plant growth promoting activities. J Kmitl Sci Technol 8:18–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawwam GE, Elbeltagy A, Emara HM, Abbas IH, Hassan MM (2013) Beneficial effect of plant growth promoting bacteria isolated from the roots of potato plant. Annals Agric Sci 58:195–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Demissie S, Muleta D, Berecha G (2013) Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on seed germination and seedling growth of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.). Inter J Agric Res 8:123–136

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deshwal VK, Kumar P (2013) Effect of salinity on growth and PGPR activity of pseudomonads. J Acad Ind Res 2:353–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Dey R, Pal KK, Bhatt DM, Chauhan SM (2004) Growth promotion and yield enhancement of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Microbiol Res 159:371–394

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta J, Thakur D (2017) Evaluation of multifarious plant growth promoting traits, antagonistic potential and phylogenetic affiliation of rhizobacteria associated with commercial tea plants grown in Darjeeling, India. PloS ONE 12:1–24

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egamberdieva D, Wirtha S, Jabborova D, Rasanend LA, Liao H (2017) Co-ordination between Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas alleviates salt stress in soybean through altering root system architecture. J Plant Inter 12:100–107

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Figueroa-Lopez AM, Cordero-Ramirez JD, Martinez-Álvarez JC, Lopez-Meyer M, Lizarraga-Sanchez GJ, Ruben Félix-Gastelum R, Claudia Castro-Martinez C, Maldonado-Mendoza IE (2016) Rhizospheric bacteria of maize with potential for biocontrol of Fusarium verticillioides. Springer Plus 5:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Gagne S, Richard C, Rousseau H, Antoun H (1987) Xylem residing bacteria in alfalfa roots. Can J Microbiol 33:996–1000

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganeshan G, Kumar MA (2005) Pseudomonas fluorescens, a potential bacterial antagonist to control plant diseases. J Plant Inter 1:123–134

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giongo A, Beneduzi A, Ambrosini A, Vargas LK (2010) Isolation and characterization of two plant growth promoting bacteria from the rhizoplane of a legume (Lupinus albescens) in sandy soil. R Bras Ci Solo 34:361–369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GOI (2017) Annual report 2017–2018, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Co-operation and Farmer Walfare, Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Government of India, New Delhi, p 43

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopalakrishnan S, Sathya A, Vijayabharathi R, Varshney RK, Gowda CLL, Krishnamurthy L (2015) Plant growth promoting rhizobia: challenges and opportunities. Biotech 5:355–377

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon SA, Weber RP (1951) Colorimetric estimation of indole acetic acid. Plant Physiol 26:192–195

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta CP, Kumar B, Dubey RC, Maheshwari DK (2006) Chitinase mediated destructive antagonistic potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa GRC1 against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing charcoal rot of peanut. Bio Control 51:821–835

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gururani MA, Upadhyaya CP, Baskar V, Venkatesh J, Nookaraju A, Park SW (2013) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhance abiotic stress tolerance in Solanum tuberosum through inducing changes in the expression of ROS scavenging enzymes and improved photosynthetic performance. J Plant Growth Regul 32:245–258

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez RT, Mora KIG, Capo YA, Rodriguez AS, Mogollon NGS, Almeida JR (2017) Genetic and phenotypic diversity of Rhizobium isolates from southern Ecuador. J Sci Agro Technol 41:634–647

    Google Scholar 

  • Hameeda B, Harini G, Rupela OP, Rao JVDK, Reddy G (2010) Biological control of chickpea collar rot by co-inoculation of antagonistic bacteria and compatible rhizobia. Ind J Microbiol 50:419–424

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hung PQ, Kumar SM, Govindsamy V, Annapurna K (2007) Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from wild and cultivated soybean varieties. Biol Fertil Soils 44:155–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Ilicic RM, Pivic RP, Dinic ZS, Latkovic DS, Vlajic SA, Josic DL (2017) The enhancement of soybean growth and yield in a field trial through introduction of mixtures of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas chlororaphis. Not Sci Biol 9:274–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson ML (1967) Estimation of potassium content. In: Soil Chemical Analysis. Printer Hall, New Delhi, pp 134–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson ML (1973) Estimation of phosphorus content. Soil chemical analysis. Printer Hall, New Delhi (India)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jha CK, Saraf M (2012) Evaluation of multispecies plant growth promoting consortia for the growth promotion of Jatropha curcas L. J Plant Growth Regul 31:588–598

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi P, Tyagi V, Bhatt AB (2011) Characterization of rhizobacteria diversity isolated from Oryza sativa cultivated at different altitude in north Himalaya. Adv Appl Sci Res 2:208–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Karpagam T, Nagalakshmi PK (2014) Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing microbes from agricultural soil. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 3:601–614

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur N, Sharma P (2013) Exploitation of rhizobacteria for functional traits in mungbean. Int J Agric Environ Biotechnol 6:533–543

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaur N, Sharma P (2015) Studies on factors affecting root colonization of root and nodule endophytic bacteria from mungbean rhizosphere. J Pure Appl Microbiol 9:1597–1609

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kavita K, Mishra A, Jha B (2011) Isolation and physico-chemical characterization of extracellular polymeric substances produced by the marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Biofouling 27:309–317

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura MA (1980) Simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16:111–120

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kluge AG, Farris JS (1969) Quantitative phyletics and the evolution of anurans. Syst Zool 18:1–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Korir H, Mungal NW, Thuita M, Hamba Y, Masso C (2017) Co-inoculation effect of rhizobia and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on common bean growth in a low phosphorus soil. Front Plant Sci 8:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar P, Pandey P, Dubeya RC, Maheshwari DK (2016) Bacteria consortium optimization improves nutrient uptake, nodulation, disease suppression and growth of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in both pot and field studies. Rhizosphere 2:13–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Lei X, Wang ET, Chen WF, Sui XH, Chen WX (2008) Diverse bacteria isolated from root nodules of wild Vicia species grown in temperate region of China. Arch Microbiol 190:657–671

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Long HH, Schmidt DD, Baldwin IT (2008) Native bacterial endophytes promote host growth in a species specific manner; phytohormone manipulations do not result in common growth responses. Plos One 3:2702–2712

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucy M, Reed E, Glick BR (2004) Application of free living plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 86:1–25

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maheswari NU, Elakkiya T (2014) Effect of liquid biofertilizers on growth and yield of Vigna mungo L. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 29:42–45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Majeed A, Abbasi MK, Hameed S, Imran A, Rahim N (2015) Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from wheat rhizosphere and their effect on plant growth promotion. Front Microbiol 6:1–10

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marinkovic J, Bjelic D, Tintor B, Miladinovic J, Dukic V, Dorđevic V (2016) Effects of soybean co-inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in field trial. Rom Biotechnol Letters 15:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie HA, Wallace HS (1954) The Kjeldahl determination of nitrogen: a critical study of digestion conditions. Aust J Chem 7:55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta P, Walia A, Kulshrestha S, Chauhan A, Shirkot CK (2015) Efficiency of plant growth-promoting P-solubilizing Bacillus circulans CB7 for enhancement of tomato growth under net house conditions. J Basic Microbiol 55:33–44

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muhammad A, Khalil SK, Khan AZ, Wazir SM (2012) Seasonal and cultivar effects on nodulation potential of soybeans. Pak J Bot 44:317–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Muresu R, Polone E, Sulas L, Baldan B (2008) Co-existence of predominantly non-culturable rhizobia with diverse, endophytic bacterial taxa within nodules of wild legumes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 63:383–400

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nautiyal CS (1999) An efficient microbiology growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Letter 170:265–270

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nimnoi P, Pongsilp N, Lumyong S (2014) Co-inoculation of soybean (Glycine max) with actinomycetes and Bradyrhizobium japonicum enhances plant growth, nitrogenase activity and plant nutrition. J Plant Nutr 37:432–446

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey P, Maheshwari DK (2007) Two species microbial consortium for growth promotion of Cajanus cajan. Curr Sci 92:1137–1142

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patel HA, Patel RK, Khristi SM, Parikh K, Rajendran G (2012) Isolation and characterization of bacterial endophytes from Lycopersicon esculentum plant and their plant growth promoting characteristics. Nepal J Biotechnol 2:37–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Pathania N, Gosal SK, Saroa GS, Vikal Y (2014) Molecular characterization of diazotrophic bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of wheat cropping system from central plain region of Punjab. Afri J Microbiol Res 8:862–871

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawar PU, Kumbhar CT, Patil VS, Khot GG (2018) Effect of co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth, yield and nutrient uptake in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Crop Res 53:57–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Penrose DM, Glick BR (2003) Methods for isolating and characterizing ACC deaminase containing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Physiol Plant 118:10–15

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad AA, Babu S (2017) Compatibility of Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens in growth promotion of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). Ann Braz Acad Sci 89:1027–1240

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purohit HJ, Raje DV, Kapley A (2003) Isolation of signature and primers specific to genus Pseudomonas using mismatched patterns of 16S r DNA sequences. BMC Bioinf 4:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajendran G, Maheshwari H, Sanket J, Josh I (2012) Isolation and characterization of nodule associated Exiguobacterium sp. from the root nodules of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum) and their possible role in plant growth promotion. Inter J Microbiol 10:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramesh A, Sharma SK, Sharma MP, Yadav N, Joshi OP (2014) Inoculation of zinc solubilizing Bacillus aryabhattai strains for improved growth, mobilization and biofortification of zinc in soybean and wheat cultivated in Vertisils of central India. Appl Soil Ecol 73:87–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramyasmruthi S, Pallavi O, Pallavi S, Tilak K, Srividya S (2012) Chitinolytic and secondary metabolite producing Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from solanaceae rhizosphere effective against broad spectrum fungal phytopathogens. Asi J Plant Sci Res 2:16–24

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sacchi CT, Whitney AM, Mayer LW, Morey R, Walt AS, Bora A, Weyant RS, Popovic T (2002) Sequencing of 16S r RNA gene: A rapid tool for identification of Bacillus anthracis. Emer Infect Dis 8:1117–1123

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez AC, Gutiérrez RT, Santana RC, Urrutia RC, Fauvart M, Michiels J, Vanderleyden J (2014) Effects of co-inoculation of native Rhizobium and Pseudomonas strains on growth parameters and yield of two contrasting Phaseolus vulgaris L. genotypes under Cuban soil conditions. Eur J Soil Biol 62:105–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Santiago CD, Yagi S, Ijima M, Nashimoto T, Sawada M, Ikeda S, Asano K, Orikasa Y, Ohwada T (2017) Bacterial compatibility in combined inoculations enhances the growth of potato seedlings. Microb Environ 32:14–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarode SV, Kolhe AV, Sable VR (2009) IPM strategies for cotton in relation to climate change. In: Ramamurthy VV, Gupta GP, Puri SN, eds. Proceedings of national symposium. IPM strategies to combat emerging pests in the current scenario of climate change. January 28–30. Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh, pp 181–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulz B, Boyle C (2006) What are endophytes? In: Schulz BJE, Boyle CJC, Sieber TN (eds) Microbial root endophytes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwyn B, Neilands JB (1987) Universal assay for the detection and determination of siderophores. Anal Biochem 160:47–56

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma SB, Sayyed RZ, Trivedi MH, Gobi TA (2013) Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. Springer Plus 2:587. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-587

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Singh MV (2009) Micronutrient nutritional problems in soils of India and improvement for human and animal health. Ind J Ferti 5:11–16

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Somasegaran P, Hoben HJ (1994) Handbook for Rhizobia: Methods in Legume Rhizobium Technology. Springer-Verlag, New York, p 415

    Google Scholar 

  • Stajkovic O, De Meyer S, Milicic B, Willems A, Delic D (2009) Isolation and characterization of endophytic non-rhizobial bacteria from root nodules of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Bot Serb 33:107–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Stajkovic O, Delic D, Josic D, Kuzmanovic D, Rasulic N, Knezevic VJ (2011) Improvement of common bean growth by co-inoculation with Rhizobium and plant growth promoting bacteria. Rom Biotechnol Lett 16:5919–5926

    Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian P, Kim K, Krishnamoorthy R, Sundaram S, Sa T (2015) Endophytic bacteria improve nodule function and plant nitrogen in soybean on co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum MN110. Plant Growth Reg 76:327–332

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tabatabai MA (1982) Soil enzymes. In: Methods of soil Analysis. Academic Press, New York, pp 903–947

    Google Scholar 

  • Tabatabai MA, Bremner JM (1969) Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biol Biochem 1:301–317

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tagore GS, Namdeo SL, Sharma SK, Kumar N (2013) Effect of Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacterial inoculants on symbiotic traits, nodule leghemoglobin, and yield of chickpea genotypes. Int J Agron 2013:1–8 https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/581627

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tajini F, Trabelsi M, Drevon JJ (2012) Combined inoculation with Glomus intraradices and Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 increases phosphorus use efficiency for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Saudi J Biol Sci 19:157–163

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24:1596–1599

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tariq M, Hameed S, Yasmeen T, Ali A (2012) Non-rhizobial bacteria for improved nodulation and grain yield of Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Afri J Biotechnol 11:15–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyagi A, Kumar V, Tomar A (2017) Isolation, identification, biochemical and antibiotic sensitivity characterization of Rhizobium strains from Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, Cicer arietinum (L.) and Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek in Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 6:2024–2035

    Google Scholar 

  • Vicario JC, Primo ED, Dardanelli MS, Giordano W (2016) Promotion of peanut growth by co-inoculation with selected strains of Bradyrhizobium and Azospirillum. J Plant growth Regul 35:413–419

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wani PA, Khan MS (2013) Isolation of multiple metal and antibiotic resistant Mesorhizobium sp. and their plant growth promoting activity. Res J Microbiol 8:25–35

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weyens N, Vsn DD, Taghavi S, Vangronsveld J (2009) Phtyoremediation: plant endophyte partnerships take the challenge. Curr Opin Biotechnol 20:248–254

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson DO, Reisenauer HM (1963) Determination of leghaemoglobin in legume nodules. Annal Biochem 6:27–30

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witham FH, Baldyes DF, Devlin RM (1971) Chlorophyll absorption spectrum and quantitative determination. Experiment in plant physiology. Van Nostrand Reinhold co, New York, pp 55–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasmeen S, Bano A (2014) Combined effect of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, Rhizobium and Enterobacter on root nodulation and physiology of soybean (Glycine max L.). Commun Soil Sci Plan Ana 45:2373–2384

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao L, Xu Y, Sun R, Deng Z, Yang W, Wei G (2011) Identification and characterization of the endophytic plant growth promoter Bacillus cereus strain MQ23 isolated from Sophora alopecuroides root nodules. Braz J Microbiol 42:567–575

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Head, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana for providing all the required facilities in field and Pulses Microbiology Laboratory.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India

    K. C. Kumawat & Inderjeet Singh

  2. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India

    Poonam Sharma, Asmita Sirari & B. S. Gill

  3. College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Mandor, Jodhpur, 342304, Rajasthan, India

    Ummed Singh & Krishna Saharan

Authors
  1. K. C. Kumawat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Poonam Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Asmita Sirari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Inderjeet Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. B. S. Gill
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ummed Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Krishna Saharan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. C. Kumawat.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 787 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumawat, K.C., Sharma, P., Sirari, A. et al. Synergism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (LSE-2) nodule endophyte with Bradyrhizobium sp. (LSBR-3) for improving plant growth, nutrient acquisition and soil health in soybean. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 35, 47 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-019-2622-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-019-2622-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation