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Approach and Avoidance Motivations Predict Psychological Well-Being and Affectivity of Volunteers at the Innsbruck 2008 Winter Special Olympics

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Abstract

The present study aimed to explore underlying motivational factors of volunteerism at a special sporting event for persons with intellectual disabilities. The volunteer survey (n = 252) assessed sociodemographic characteristics, motives, satisfaction with life, psychological well-being, and affectivity of mainly intrinsically motivated volunteers versus traineeship attendees, doing a compulsory traineeship on occasion of the Innsbruck 2008 Winter Special Olympics. There was no significant variability in the motivation to volunteer scale (MVS) score between the groups. The inventory of approach and avoidance motivation (IAAM) data showed that primarily intrinsically motivated volunteers experienced higher self-gratification through their voluntary engagement. Regression analysis revealed that psychological well-being, satisfaction with life, and positive and negative affectivity was predicted by the IAAM and MVS. Individuals’ personal motives for volunteering appear to correlate with psychological well-being and affectivity and may influence prospective participation.

Résumé

La présente étude vise à explorer les facteurs motivationnels sous-jacents associés au bénévolat dans le cadre d’un événement sportif particulier réservé aux personnes souffrant d’un handicap mental. Cette étude portant sur les bénévoles (n = 252) évalue les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, les motivations, la satisfaction générale, le bien-être psychologique et l’affectivité de bénévoles dont la motivation principale est intrinsèque, et de participants à des stages obligatoires créés dans le cadre des Jeux olympiques spéciaux d’Innsbruck 2008. L’échelle de motivation au bénévolat (Motivation to Volunteer Scale, ou MVS) ne montre aucune différence de niveau entre ces groupes. Les données d’inventaire de la motivation d’approche et d’évitement (Inventory of Approach and Avoidance Motivation, ou IAAM) montrent que les bénévoles dont la motivation principale est intrinsèque tirent une plus grande satisfaction personnelle de leur engagement dans le bénévolat. L’analyse de régression révèle que l’IAAM et la MVS permettent de prédire le bien-être psychologique, la satisfaction générale, ainsi que l’affectivité positive et négative. Les motivations personnelles des individus vis-à-vis du bénévolat semblent corrélées avec le bien-être psychologique et l’affectivité, et pourraient avoir une influence sur leur engagement potentiel.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung zugrunde liegender Motivationsfaktoren für eine ehrenamtliche Tätigkeit bei einer speziellen Sportveranstaltung für Personen mit geistiger Behinderung. Bei der Befragung der ehrenamtlich Tätigen (n = 252) bei den Paralympischen Winterspielen 2008 in Innsbruck wurden folgende Aspekte bewertet: die soziodemografischen Merkmale, die Motive, die Lebenszufriedenheit, das psychologische Wohlbefinden und die Affektivität der von sich aus motivierten ehrenamtlichen Helfer im Vergleich zu Praktikanten, die ein Pflichtpraktikum absolvierten. Es waren zwischen den beiden Gruppen keine bedeutenden Abweichungen auf der Skala zur Erfassung der Motivation zu ehrenamtlicher Tätigkeit (Motivation to Volunteer Scale; MVS) zu erkennen. Die Daten aus der Bestandsaufnahme zur Annäherungs- und Vermeidungsmotivation (Inventory of Approach and Avoidance Motivation; IAAM; dt. Version: Fragebogen zur Erfassung motivationaler Schemata; FAMOS) zeigten, dass die von sich aus motivierten freiwilligen Helfer durch ihr ehrenamtliches Engagement eine größere Selbstbefriedigung erlebten. Die Regressionsanalyse legte dar, dass das IAAM und die MVS psychologisches Wohlbefinden, Lebenszufriedenheit und positive und negative Affektivität prognostizierten. Die persönlichen Motive einer Person, eine ehrenamtliche Tätigkeit auszuüben, stehen scheinbar in einer Wechselbeziehung mit dem psychologischen Wohlbefinden und der Affektivität und können sich auf ein zukünftiges Engagement auswirken.

Resumen

El presente estudio tenía como objetivo explorar los factores motivacionales subyacentes del voluntariado en un evento deportivo especial para personas con discapacidades intelectuales. La encuesta de voluntarios (n = 252) evaluó las características sociodemográficas, los motivos, la satisfacción con la vida, el bienestar psicológico y la afectividad de los voluntarios intrínsecamente motivados principalmente frente a los participantes en un período de prácticas, realizando unas prácticas obligatorias con motivo de las Olimpiadas Especiales de Invierno de Insbruck 2008. No hubo ninguna variabilidad significativa de la puntuación en la Escala de Motivación para ser voluntario (MVS, del inglés Motivation to Volunteer Scale) entre los grupos. Los datos del Inventario de Motivación de Aproximación y Evitación (IAAM, del inglés Inventory of Approach and Avoidance Motivation) mostraron que fundamentalmente los voluntarios intrínsecamente motivados experimentaron una autogratificación más elevada a través de su compromiso voluntario. El análisis de regresión reveló que el IAAM y la MVS predijeron el bienestar psicológico, la satisfacción con la vida y la afectividad positiva y negativa. Los motivos personales de los individuos para ser voluntarios parecen correlacionarse con el bienestar psicológico y la afectividad y pueden influir en la participación futura.

Chinese

当前研究的目的是探索智障人员的特殊体育赛事的基本志愿激励因素。志愿者调查 (n = 252) 评估了内在驱动志愿者与在2008年因斯布鲁克特殊冬奥会上进行义务实习的实习者的社会人口特性、动机、生活满意度、心理健康状态和情感作用。各个小组的志愿规模动机 (MVS) 不存在极大的差异。库存方法和规避动机 (IAAM) 数据表明,主要内在驱动的志愿者的志愿参与带来了更高的自我满意。回归分析展示,IAAM和MVS预测了心理健康状态、生活满意度以及正面和负面的情感作用。个人的个人志愿意图似乎与心理健康状态和情感作用相关,并可能影响潜在参与。

Arabic

هذه الدراسة تهدف إلى إكتشاف العوامل المحفزة الكامنة وراء العمل التطوعي في حدث رياضي خاص للأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة الفكرية. إستطلاع الرأي للمتطوعين (ن = 252) يقوم بتقييم الخصائص الإجتماعية والديموجرافية ، الدوافع ، الرضا مع الحياة، الحالة النفسية الجيدة و وجدان المتطوعين في الغالب بدوافع ذاتية مقابل الحضور التدريبي ، القيام بتدريب إلزامي بمناسبة الأولمبياد الشتوي الخاص في إنسبروك 2008. لم يكن هناك تباين كبير في درجة مقياس الدافع إلى التطوع (MVS) بين المجموعات. أظهرت بيانات القائمة الكاملة للنهج و تفادي الدافع لتجنب المشاكل(IAAM) أن المتطوعين بدوافع جوهرية في المقام الأول شهدت أعلى إشباع ذاتي من خلال مشاركتها التطوعية. تحليل االعلاقة بين المتغيرات أن الحالة النفسية الجيدة ، الرضا مع الحياة، و الوجدان الإيجابي والسلبي كان من المتوقع من قبل القائمة الكاملة للنهج و تفادي الدافع (IAAM) ومقياس الدافع إلى التطوع (MVS). تبين دوافع الأفراد الشخصية للعمل التطوعي إنها ترتبط بعلاقة متبادلة مع الحالة النفسية الجيدة والو جدان و يمكن أن تؤثر على المشاركة المستقبلية.

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Acknowledgments

This research received no Grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Conflict of interest

The authors declared no conflicts of interests with respect to the authorship or the publication of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Advanced Psychology in Plastic and Transplant Surgery (CAPPTS), Department of Medical Psychology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfstraße 23a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Martin Kumnig, Thomas N. Beck, Horst Mitmansgruber & Gerhard Rumpold

  2. Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Martin Schnitzer & Martin Kopp

  3. Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Psychiatry, Rochester, MN, USA

    Sheila G. Jowsey

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  1. Martin Kumnig
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  2. Martin Schnitzer
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  3. Thomas N. Beck
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  4. Horst Mitmansgruber
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  5. Sheila G. Jowsey
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  6. Martin Kopp
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  7. Gerhard Rumpold
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Correspondence to Martin Kumnig.

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Kumnig, M., Schnitzer, M., Beck, T.N. et al. Approach and Avoidance Motivations Predict Psychological Well-Being and Affectivity of Volunteers at the Innsbruck 2008 Winter Special Olympics. Voluntas 26, 801–822 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-014-9462-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-014-9462-1

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