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Immunopotentiation of four natural adjuvants co-administered with a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus glycoprotein 5 subunit

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Abstract

To improve the efficacy of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) subunit vaccine, the immunological enhancement effects of four natural adjuvants were compared, including Astragalus extract, Astragalus/Bacillus production, propolis, and Freund’s adjuvant. The results showed that titers of IgG and neutralizing antibody against highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) glycoprotein 5 (GP5) from the groups of Astragalus/Bacillus adjuvant and Freund’s adjuvant co-administered with a recombinant HP-PRRSV GP5 subunit were the highest among all the experimental groups. In cellular immunity, as shown in T lymphocyte proliferation level, Astragalus/Bacillus adjuvant and Freund’s adjuvant exhibited the most potent immunological enhancement effects. Exceptionally, pigs inoculated with Freund’s adjuvant developed severely delayed humoral immune responses within 28 days post inoculation. The adjuvants of Astragalus extract and propolis also exhibited immunological enhancement effects on humoral immune and cell-mediated immune responses, but which were obviously lower than Astragalus/Bacillus adjuvant and Freund’s adjuvant. Following challenge with HP-PRRSV, pigs inoculated with Astragalus/Bacillus adjuvant and Freund’s adjuvant co-administered with GP5 subunit showed lower viremia, slighter clinical signs, and less pathological lung lesions compared with the groups inoculated using Astragalus extract and propolis. In conclusion, from immune responses and immunological protection against HP-PRRSV, the Astragalus/Bacillus adjuvant demonstrated the most potent immunological enhancement effect on HP-PRRSV GP5 subunit. Astragalus/Bacillus adjuvant showed promise as a candidate immune adjuvant, to more efficiently prevent and control PRRS.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge Professor Guangzhi Tong in Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) for his important donation of the monoclonal antibodies against HP-PRRSV GP5.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number 31370189). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China

    Jun Peng, Yanmei Yuan, Si Shen, Zhongxiang Niu, Tao Wang & Jinbao Wang

  2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China

    Jun Peng, Yanmei Yuan, Si Shen, Zhongxiang Niu & Tao Wang

  3. Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 10, Jinan, 250100, China

    Yijun Du, Jiaqiang Wu, Jun Li, Jiang Yu & Jinbao Wang

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  1. Jun Peng
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  10. Jinbao Wang
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Correspondence to Jinbao Wang.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Edited by Juergen A Richt.

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Peng, J., Yuan, Y., Shen, S. et al. Immunopotentiation of four natural adjuvants co-administered with a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus glycoprotein 5 subunit. Virus Genes 52, 261–269 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-016-1299-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-016-1299-9

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