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Genetic characterization of feline calicivirus strains associated with varying disease manifestations during an outbreak season in Missouri (1995–1996)

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Abstract

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cause of mild to severe upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) in cats. FCV strain 21223 was isolated from a kitten with severe pneumonia in a disease outbreak with unusually high mortality (35 %) that occurred in a Missouri feline colony in 1995–1996. Phylogenetic analysis of the genome sequence of strain 21223 indicated the emergence of a new FCV strain. Analysis of the full-length genome sequence of a closely related (99.5 % nucleotide identity) strain, 3786, obtained from an asymptomatic animal in the same colony four months later, showed the presence of seven amino acid substitutions, with six of them located in the VP1 capsid sequence encoded by ORF2. Comparative analysis of the E-region sequences (426–521 aa ORF2) presumably involved in virus-host cell receptor interactions did not identify amino acid substitutions unique to the virulent strain. We determined the complete genome sequences of four virus isolates that were collected in regional catteries in the months following the outbreak that were associated with different manifestations of the disease (URTD, chronic stomatitis, and gingivitis). We show that genetically distinct FCV strains were cocirculating in the area, and no apparent correlation could be made between overall sequence and observed disease.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIAID.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive MSC8007, Building 50, Room 6316, Bethesda, MD, 20892-8007, USA

    Victor G. Prikhodko, Carlos Sandoval-Jaime, Eugenio J. Abente, Karin Bok, Gabriel I. Parra, Kim Y. Green & Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev

  2. National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA

    Igor B. Rogozin

  3. Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, 50010, USA

    Eileen N. Ostlund

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  1. Victor G. Prikhodko
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  2. Carlos Sandoval-Jaime
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  3. Eugenio J. Abente
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  9. Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev
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Correspondence to Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev.

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11262_2013_1005_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Phylogenetic relationship of the FCV strains isolated in Missouri 1995–1996 based on their nucleotide sequences. Phylogenetic trees based on the alignments of FCV genome (Panel a), ORF1 (Panel b), ORF2 (Panel c), and ORF3 (Panel d) nucleotide sequences were inferred from maximum parsimony analyses using parameters described in Materials and Methods Section. Numbers on branches represent bootstrap values greater than 65 %

11262_2013_1005_MOESM2_ESM.tif

RAT program output for FCV full-length genome nucleotide sequences (Table 1). An analysis was performed using full-length genome sequences of FCV strains 1874, 20879, 21223, or 21749 as the reference sequence. Numbers on Y-axis show genetic distance scores between analyzed sequences, and numbers on X-axis correspond to location on sequence

11262_2013_1005_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Comparative analysis of the 21223 strain E-region sequence with those of other FCV strains available from GenBank. White and gray colored bars of the histogram represent amino acid and nucleotide sequence identities, respectively. Asterisks mark sequence identity bars for VS strains

11262_2013_1005_MOESM4_ESM.xls

Percentage similarity of nucleotide and amino acid sequences between FCV strains isolated in 1995–1996 in Missouri. Nucleotide identities of the FCV full-length genome, ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3 sequences are shown below diagonal line, and amino acid similarities of the corresponding proteins are shown above diagonal line

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Prikhodko, V.G., Sandoval-Jaime, C., Abente, E.J. et al. Genetic characterization of feline calicivirus strains associated with varying disease manifestations during an outbreak season in Missouri (1995–1996). Virus Genes 48, 96–110 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-013-1005-0

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