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Identification and characterization of the short variable region of the Japanese encephalitis virus 3′ NTR

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Abstract

Since the 1980s, the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) variants with slightly short variable regions (VR) of the 3′ non-translated region (NTR) have been found; however, the implications of these short VR remain unclear. We recently identified two novel types of short VR (5 and 9 nt shorter than that of major group of genotype I JEV strains) of genotype I JEV isolates. To elucidate the impact of these short VR on the replication and virulence of JEV, we generated five recombinant JEV viruses: M41-d5 and M41-d9 have deletions in the VR that correspond to those observed in some recent JEV isolates, M41-d5d9 has both the 5- and 9-nt deletions in the VR, M41-d27 has a large deletion that encompasses both the 5- and 9-nt deletion regions, and M41-a13 has a 13-nt sequence insertion of the genotype III JEV strain Beijing-1 into the parent genotype I JEV strain Mie/41/2002 genome. The recombinant viruses and the parent virus, except for the M41-d27 mutant, showed similar growth properties in mammalian and mosquito cell lines. Mouse challenge experiments indicated that no significant differences among the recombinant viruses M41-d5d9, M41-d27, M41-a13, and the parent virus. Our results suggest that the short VR in JEV 3′ NTR do not affect its growth in vitro or its pathogenicity in mice.

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Acknowledgments

This study was partly supported by a grant for Research on Regulatory Science of Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices of Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan (H23-iyaku-ippan-003) and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (22590423) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan

    Fumihiro Kato, Akira Kotaki, Yukie Yamaguchi, Masayuki Saijo, Ichiro Kurane, Tomohiko Takasaki & Shigeru Tajima

  2. Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8510, Japan

    Fumihiro Kato, Hajime Shiba & Kuniaki Hosono

  3. Kumamoto Prefectural Institute of Public-Health and Environmental Science, 1240-1 Kurisaki, Uto, Kumamoto, 869-0425, Japan

    Seiya Harada

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  1. Fumihiro Kato
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  9. Tomohiko Takasaki
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Correspondence to Shigeru Tajima.

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Kato, F., Kotaki, A., Yamaguchi, Y. et al. Identification and characterization of the short variable region of the Japanese encephalitis virus 3′ NTR. Virus Genes 44, 191–197 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-011-0685-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-011-0685-6

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