Abstract
Equid herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5) infection was detected in a farm in Italy by the use of a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting glycoprotein B of EHV-5 on nasal swabs and blood samples of clinically healthy and randomly selected Lipizzaner horses (n = 55). Twenty-five horses at the age of 4–17 years and 30 at an age of 1–3 years were sampled once. The association of the infection with these age-groups and the gender of the horses was investigated. The apparent prevalence of EHV-5 infection was significantly different between age-cohorts: it was higher in the younger group of horses with 73,3% and 80% positives in nasal swabs and blood respectively, compared to 40% of nasal swabs and 20% of blood in the older horses. An age-dependence therefore was observed: the young age is more frequently associated with EHV-5 infection.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ataseven VS, Bilge-Dagalp S, Oguzoglu TC, Karapinar Z, Güzel M, Tan MT (2010) Detection and sequence analysis of equine gammaherpesviruses from horses with respiratory tract disease in Turkey. Transbound Emerg Dis 57:271–276
Bell SA, Balasuriya UB, Gardner IA, Barry PA, Wilson WD, Ferraro GL, Maclachlan NJ (2006a) Temporal detection of equine herpesvirus infections of a cohort of mares and their foals. Vet Microbiol 116:249–257
Bell SA, Balasuriya UB, Nordhausen RW, MacLachlan NJ (2006b) Isolation of equine herpesvirus-5 from blood mononuclear cells of a gelding. J Vet Diagn Invest 18:472–475
Bioedit (2009) Biological sequence alignment editor software, version 7.0.8, 2009. www.mbio.ncsu.edu/BioEdit/BioEdit.html. Accessed May 30
BLAST (2009) Basic local alignment search tool, 2009. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST. Accessed September 3
Browning GF, Studdert MJ (1987) Genomic eterogenity of equine betaherpesviruses. J Gen Virol 68:1441–1447
Buckles EL, Lowenstine LJ, Delong RL, Melin SR, Vittore RK, Wong HN, Ross GL, Stleger JA, Greig DJ, Duerr RS, Gulland FM, Stott JL (2007) Age-prevalence of Otarine Herpesvirus-1, a tumor-associated virus, and possibility of its sexual transmission in California sea lions. Vet Microbiol 120:1–8
Cho HJ, Kim S, Kwak SE, Kang TC, Kim HS, Kwon HJ, Kim YW, Kim YS, Choi EK, Song MJ (2009) Age-dependent pathogenesis of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 infection of the central nervous system. Mol Cells 27:105–111
Davison AJ, Eberle R, Ehlers B, Hayward GS, McGeoch DJ, Minson AC, Pellett PE, Roizman B, Studdert MJ, Thiry E (2009) The order Herpesvirales. Arch Virol 154:171–177
Diallo IS, Hewitson GR, De Jong A, Kelly MA, Wright DJ, Corney BG, Rodwell BJ (2008) Equine herpesvirus infections in yearlings in South-East Queensland. Arch Virol 153:1643–1649
Dunowska M, Meers J, Wilks CR (1999) Isolation of equine herpesvirus type 5 in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 47:44–46
Dunowska M, Holloway SA, Wilks CR, Meers J (2000) Genomic variability of equine herpesvirus-5. Arch Virol 145:1359–1371
Dunowska M, Wilks CR, Studdert MJ, Meers J (2002) Equine respiratory viruses in foals in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 50:140–147
Dynon K, Varrasso A, Ficorilli N, Holloway S, Reubel G, Li F, Hartley C, Studdert M, Drummer H (2001) Identification of equine herpesvirus 3 (equine coital exanthema virus), equine gammaherpesviruses 2 and 5, equine adenoviruses 1 and 2, equine arteritis virus and equine rhinitis A virus by polymerase chain reaction. Aust Vet J 79:695–702
Dynon K, Black WD, Ficorilli N, Hartley CA, Studdert MJ (2007) Detection of viruses in nasal swab samples from horses with acute, febrile, respiratory disease using virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction and serology. Aust Vet J 85:46–50
Epiinfo (2009) EpiInfo version 3.5.1. www.cdc.gov/epiinfo/. Accessed April 30, 2009
Fortier G, Pronost S, Miszczak F, Fortier C, Léon A, Richard E, Van Erck E, Thiry E, Lekeux P (2009a) Identification of equid herpesvirus-5 in respiratory liquids: a retrospective study of 785 samples taken in 2006–2007. Vet J 182:346–348
Fortier G, Van Erck E, Pronost S, Lekeux P, Thiry E (2009b) Equine gammaherpesviruses: pathogenesis, epidemiology and diagnosis. Vet J doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.08.017
Franchini M, Akens M, Bracher V, Von Fellenberg R (1997) Characterization of gamma herpesviruses in the horse by PCR. Virology 238:8–13
Holloway SA, Lindquester GJ, Studdert MJ, Drummer HE (1999) Identification, sequence analysis and characterisation of equine herpesvirus 5 glycoprotein B. Arch Virol 144:287–307
Kleiboeker SB, Schommer SK, Johnson PJ, Ehlers B, Turnquist SE, Boucher M, Kreeger JM (2002) Association of two newly recognized herpesviruses with interstitial pneumonia in donkeys (Equus asinus). J Vet Diagn Invest 14:273–280
Nordengrahn A, Merza M, Ros C, Lindholmc A, Palfl V, Hannant D, Belák S (2002) Prevalence of equine herpesvirus types 2 and 5 in horse populations by using type-specific PCR assays. Vet Res 33:251–259
Openepi (2009) OpenEpi Epidemiologic calculators. www.cdc.gov/epiinfo/OpenEpi.htm. Accessed May 20, 2009
Ptaschinski C, Rochford R (2008) Infection of neonates with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 results in enhanced viral persistence in lungs and absence of infectious mononucleosis syndrome. J Gen Virol 89:1114–1121
Reubel GH, Crabb BS, Studdert MJ (1995) Diagnosis of equine gammaherpesvirus 2 and 5 infections by polymerase chain reaction. Arch Virol 140:1049–1060
Richter N, Ebert M, Borchers K (2009) Prevalence of EHV-2 and EHV-5 DNA in ocular and nasal swabs as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Pferdeheilkunde 25:38–44
Torfason EG, Thorsteinsdóttir L, Torsteinsdóttir S, Svansson V (2008) Study of equid herpesviruses 2 and 5 in Iceland with a type-specific polymerase chain reaction. Res Vet Sci 85:605–611
Vannella KM, Moore BB (2008) Viruses as co-factors for the initiation or exacerbation of lung fibrosis. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 1:2
Wang L, Raidal SL, Pizzirani A, Wilcox GE (2007) Detection of respiratory herpesviruses in foals and adult horses determined by nested multiplex PCR. Vet Microbiol 121:18–28
Williams KJ, Maes R, Del Piero F, Lim A, Wise A, Bolin DC, Caswell J, Jackson C, Robinson NE, Derksen F, Scott MA, Uhal BD, Li X, Youssef SA, Bolin SR (2007) Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis: a newly recognized herpesvirus-associated fibrotic lung disease. Vet Pathol 44:849–862
Wong DM, Belgrave RL, Williams KJ, Del Piero F, Alcott CJ, Bolin SR, Marr CM, Nolen-Walston R, Myers RK, Wilkins PA (2008) Multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in five horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:898–905
Acknowledgements
The work was partially financed by grants from the Italian Ministry of Agricultural Alimentary and Forestry Policies, Project LIPISAN “Salvaguardia, conoscenza e valorizzazione dell’Allevamento statale del cavallo Lipizzano (A.S.CA.L.).” The authors acknowledge Mr. Gianluca Alunni for his skilful technical assistance.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Marenzoni, M.L., Coppola, G., Maranesi, M. et al. Age-dependent prevalence of equid herpesvirus 5 infection. Vet Res Commun 34, 703–708 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-010-9443-9
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-010-9443-9